Buufata Fayyaa Bul/Mag/Dadar

23/10/2025

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30/09/2025

H. pylori Stool Antigen Test (ELISA / Rapid test strip)

Materials Needed

Patient stool sample container

Sample extraction buffer (small tube with liquid)

Dropper/pipette

Rapid test cassette (looks like a pregnancy test strip)

Gloves, lab bench, timer

Procedure (Rapid Test)

1. Collect stool sample in a sterile container.

2. Add small portion of stool into the extraction buffer tube.

3. Mix well → extract antigen.

4. Place 2–3 drops into the sample well of the rapid test cassette.

5. Wait 10–15 minutes.

Result Interpretation

Positive: Two visible lines → Control (C) line + Test (T) line → H. pylori antigen detected.

Negative: Only one line at Control (C) → No H. pylori antigen.

10/09/2025

10/09/2025

VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) Test
1. Objective:
The VDRL test was performed to detect non-treponemal antibodies (reagin antibodies) that indicated the presence of Treponema pallidum, the bacterium responsible for syphilis.
2. Principle:
The test relied on detecting the presence of reagin antibodies, which react with cardiolipin, lecithin, and cholesterol antigens. When a serum sample containing these antibodies was mixed with the antigen, visible flocculation occurred, indicating a positive result.
3. Materials:
• Serum sample (heat-inactivated)
• VDRL antigen (cardiolipin, lecithin, and cholesterol)
• Test slide
• Mechanical rotator
• Micropipette
• Microscope
4. Procedure (Microscopic):
• 50 µL of the serum sample was placed onto the test slide.
• One drop of VDRL antigen was added to the sample.
• The slide was rotated on a mechanical rotator for 4 minutes.
• After the rotation, the slide was observed under a microscope (10x objective) to check for the presence of flocculation.
5. Result:
• Positive Result: Visible clumping or flocculation indicating the presence of reagin antibodies.
• Negative Result: No clumping, indicating no detectable antibodies.
6. Uses:
• It was commonly used as a screening test for syphilis.
• It helped monitor the effectiveness of treatment for syphilis.
• It was also used in blood donor screening to prevent transmission.
7. Consultation:
Positive results required confirmation using treponemal tests such as FTA-ABS or TPHA. A negative result did not completely rule out syphilis, and further testing might be necessary in specific cases.

05/08/2025