29/12/2025
In 1903, a stenographer named Elizabeth Magie quietly patented a board game called The Landlord’s Game—not for fun, but as a warning. Her goal was to expose the dangers of greed, showing how landlords and monopolies accumulated wealth by exploiting tenants and concentrating power.
Her game looked strikingly familiar by today’s standards: a square board, a jail corner, paper money, and properties players could buy. It circulated for decades on college campuses and in intellectual circles long before the public ever encountered anything like it. But what made Magie’s creation truly revolutionary was its purpose—and its design.
She built the game with two opposing rule sets. One version was cooperative: when wealth was created, everyone benefited. The other was ruthless and competitive, rewarding players for bankrupting their opponents. Magie intended this contrast to be a lesson. By playing both versions, people could clearly see that cooperation led to shared prosperity, while unchecked competition led to suffering and inequality. The message was unmistakable: the cooperative system was morally superior.
In the early 1930s, during the Great Depression, a heating engineer named Charles Darrow encountered a homemade version of Magie’s game at a dinner party. Fascinated, he asked for a written copy of the rules, took it home, and recreated the game himself. He later sold it to Parker Brothers as his own original invention.
The result was Monopoly. Darrow became the first board game designer to become a millionaire, celebrated as a symbol of American ingenuity.
Behind the scenes, Parker Brothers knew the truth. They discovered that Elizabeth Magie held the original patent. To eliminate the legal risk, they approached the elderly inventor and purchased her patent for just $500—no royalties, no recognition.
Magie believed her anti-monopoly message would finally reach the public. Instead, the company promoted Darrow’s version, glorifying ruthless capitalism, while quietly erasing her role from history. She died in 1948, largely unknown, as the game she designed to criticize greed went on to make millions for others.
A warning against monopolies became one of the most profitable monopolies of all.