27/11/2025
A MASSIVE new study has landed in , pulling together 221 meta-analyses on ADHD treatments across the lifespan, easily the most comprehensive picture we’ve ever had about what helps… and what just helps your wallet empty faster.
Here’s the short version (because ADHD):
Medications work in the short term, with moderate–high certainty.
Methylphenidate is the most consistent across raters.
Atomoxetine also holds up well. Amphetamines help but can be harder to tolerate.
Adults: methylphenidate and atomoxetine show medium effects, but side-effects show up more clearly.
Non-drug options: CBT for adults has moderate-certainty evidence. Everything else (mindfulness, parent training, physical activity, acupuncture) shows mixed results with low certainty. Interesting, but not quite “throw away your meds” territory.
Long-term evidence?
Basically none. For any intervention.
(Yes, really.)
The team also built a brilliant open-access platform where you can look up any treatment, age group, symptom, and evidence certainty in a genuinely user-friendly way. It’s exactly the kind of resource people with ADHD and clinicians have been asking for.
Study citation below.
Explore the platform: https://ebiadhd-database.org
Citation:
Gosling CJ, Garcia-Argibay M, De Prisco M, et al. Benefits and harms of ADHD interventions: umbrella review and platform for shared decision making. BMJ 2025;391:e085875.