20/12/2021
My Knight in Shining Armour
Freshly ground coffee… mobile phone charged… pickup after school noted… walk the dog… brush my teeth… Simple, yet essential parts of my morning routine, I thank you.
The thanks go to the Pre-Frontal Cortex (PFC) - part of the ‘new brain’ that our human ancestors never had. This executive control centre allows us to see good and bad; to differentiate between better and best; to project the consequences of our actions so they are socially acceptable. And helps us learn from our mistakes. Surely our Knight in Shining Armour… or is it?
According to the Office for National Statistics approximately 1 in 6 people in the UK experienced some form of depression during the summer of 2021. Surprisingly, despite all of its good work, it may be the PNF that is to blame.
As the executive control centre of the brain, it controls what is going on. It takes present information and memories of previous situations to model constantly what our immediate and distant future could look like. For example, if I leave for work now, I should be on time today. It can even navigate unpredictable events like a traffic jam by finding a different route or phoning ahead to say I will be late.
However, the PFC also tries to apply its logic to our emotions: happiness, guilt, shame, anger and fulfilment, for example. Its role is to keep us safe now and in the future. Accordingly, it focuses on the emotions that threaten us, like guilt, shame and anger; these can stick in our attention like Velcro! Joy and fulfilment don’t threaten us, so these easily slip from our attention like Teflon. This leaves us with a negative attentional bias.
In using logic to try to solve the puzzle of the guilt, shame or anger in the same way as trying to navigate a traffic jam, the PFC gets stuck in a loop! Some emotions cannot be fixed, they are simply felt as pleasant, neutral or unpleasant. Trying to fix some emotions is like trying to put back together a broken egg – impossible!
Undeterred the PFC re-runs the memories of guilt, shame and anger, looking for clues about how to solve them. The emotional discomfort returns with each vivid memory. This is rumination. We also project into the future: what circumstances may recreate these troubling emotions? This is anxiety.
These unhelpful thought patterns create unhappiness, low mood and, if sustained, depression. So, is the PFC really the villain of the story? If so, what to do?
Mindfulness develops metacognition. This is the ability to step back and see our thoughts as they arise for what they are. This enables us to see rumination as rumination and anxiety as anxiety. We can then act by breaking the chain of thoughts that would normally come next.
NICE has approved Mindfulness as a treatment on the NHS for low severity depression and recurrent depression which is as effective as prescribed medicines. It is equally helpful for people who do not have a clinical diagnosis, but regularly experience anxiety, rumination or low mood, before it becomes more serious. It could be our Knight in Shining Armour!
Please get in touch if you would like to find out how mindfulness could help you or somebody you know.
chris@chrisbarkermindfulness.com