17/12/2025
🧠 ADHD & Anxiety: What’s the Link?
ADHD and anxiety frequently occur together and understanding the connection can be helpful
🔹 ADHD and anxiety are highly comorbid
Research shows that around 40–60% of adults with ADHD also experience an anxiety disorder. Many people are diagnosed with anxiety first, while ADHD remains unrecognised.
🔹 ADHD can contribute to anxiety
Living with ADHD often means:
Chronic stress from forgetfulness or disorganisation
Fear of failure due to repeated setbacks at school or work
Social anxiety linked to impulsivity or missed social cues
Over time, these experiences can lead to persistent anxiety.
🔹 They share biological pathways
Both ADHD and anxiety involve differences in:
Dopamine and noradrenaline regulation
Prefrontal cortex functioning (attention, planning, emotional regulation)
Stress-response systems
This means the link is neurological as well as psychological.
🔹 Symptoms can overlap and mask each other
Difficulty concentrating
Restlessness
Racing thoughts
Procrastination or avoidance
This overlap can lead to misdiagnosis, particularly when anxiety hides underlying ADHD.
🔹 Anxiety may temporarily ‘compensate’ for ADHD
Some people rely on anxiety (e.g. last-minute pressure) to stay focused. While this may work short-term, it often results in burnout and worsening anxiety.
💡 Why This Matters
Treating ADHD appropriately often reduces anxiety, especially when combined with:
Psychological therapies (e.g. CBT)
Skills-based support (organisation, emotional regulation)
Medication tailored to the individual
✨ Key Message
ADHD and anxiety often reinforce each other but with the right support, both can improve.
📚 Academic & UK-Relevant References
1. Kessler, R. C., et al. (2006).
The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States.
American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(4), 716–723.
(Foundational study on ADHD comorbidity, including anxiety)
2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).
ADHD: Diagnosis and Management (NG87).
NICE, UK, 2018 (updated).
(UK clinical guideline recognising high rates of comorbid anxiety)
3. Biederman, J., et al. (2008).
Functional impairments in adults with ADHD and comorbid anxiety disorders.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(12), 1933–1945.
4. Shaw, P., et al. (2014).
Neurodevelopmental trajectories of the human cerebral cortex.
Journal of Neuroscience, 34(29), 9349–9358.
(Prefrontal cortex development relevant to ADHD and emotional regulation)
5. Brown, T. E. (2013).
A New Understanding of ADHD in Children and Adults.
Routledge.
(Widely cited work on emotional regulation and anxiety in ADHD)