16/03/2026
The shoulder joint is one of the most complex and mobile joints in the human body. Its design allows us to lift, rotate, push, pull, and throw with a huge range of motion.
The main joint is the glenohumeral joint, formed by the humerus (upper arm bone) and the glenoid of the scapula (shoulder blade), with support from the clavicle (collarbone). This ball-and-socket structure gives the shoulder its incredible mobility.
Stability is provided by the rotator cuff muscles, surrounding ligaments, and the labrum, which helps keep the head of the humerus centred in the socket during movement.
Physiologically, the shoulder works as part of a system including the scapula, muscles of the upper back, and the thoracic spine to create smooth and controlled movement.
Because the shoulder prioritises mobility over stability, it’s also one of the most commonly injured joints in sport and everyday life.
Understanding how it works is the first step to stronger, healthier shoulders. 💪
physio fitnesseducation mobility shoulderhealth anatomy
