06/01/2026
Whether you are a coach or an athlete, understanding the Anaerobic Speed/Power Reserve (ASR/APR) is a game-changer for individualizing training and maximizing performance.
What is ASR/APR? 🏃♂️💨
The ASR (for runners) or APR (for cyclists/rowers) is the “reserve” of speed or power an athlete has available between two critical landmarks: their Maximal Aerobic Speed/Power (MAS/MAP) and their Maximal Sprinting Speed/Peak Power (MSS/MPP).
While many training programs prescribe high-intensity work as a percentage of MAS, the sources argue that what actually matters for tolerance and adaptation is the proportion of the ASR used.
The Three Athlete Profiles
Not all athletes respond to the same stimulus, often due to underlying muscle fibre typology. The sources categorize athletes into three main profiles to guide training:
• Speed Profile: High sprinting speed but lower aerobic capacity; typically dominated by fast-twitch fibres.
• Endurance Profile: High aerobic capacity but lower top-end speed; typically dominated by slow-twitch fibres.
• Hybrid Profile: A balanced mix of both speed and endurance qualities.
Why It Matters for Your Training
Using a “one-size-fits-all” approach can lead to maladaptation or overreaching, especially for speed-dominant athletes forced into high-volume endurance models.
• For Speed Profiles: The sources recommend short intervals and repeated sprint training (RST) for aerobic development, as these athletes tolerate high-intensity bursts better than long, continuous efforts.
• For Endurance Profiles: These athletes often have a higher tolerance for volume and long-interval HIIT formats.
• Macro & Micro Planning: Coaches should use locomotor profiling to select the right annual periodization (macro) and individualize daily workout recovery times (micro).
The Bottom Line
To stay competitive, especially in “surge” moments during a race or match, athletes need to maximize both their aerobic ceiling (MAS) and their sprint ceiling (MSS). By training relative to your individual ASR, you ensure a more uniform physiological stress and better long-term adaptation