09/02/2026
Shoulder Joint & Rotator Cuff Anatomy — A Visual Breakdown
This diagram highlights the detailed anatomy of the shoulder complex, focusing on the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, glenohumeral joint, and the rotator cuff tendons and muscles. The shoulder is one of the most mobile joints in the human body, and this wide range of motion is made possible by a coordinated interaction between bones, muscles, tendons, and bursae.
At the top, you can see the clavicle, acromion, and coracoid process, which form the bony roof over the shoulder. The AC joint connects the clavicle to the acromion and plays a key role in load transfer from the arm to the trunk. Just beneath this arch lies the subacromial bursa, which reduces friction between the rotator cuff tendons and the overlying bone during arm elevation.
The image clearly shows the rotator cuff group — supraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, and infraspinatus — whose tendons blend around the head of the humerus. Their main function is not just movement, but dynamic stabilization — keeping the humeral head centered in the socket during lifting, reaching, and rotation tasks.
The glenohumeral joint itself is a ball-and-socket joint between the humeral head and the glenoid of the scapula. Because the socket is relatively shallow, muscular and tendinous support becomes critical. That’s why rotator cuff health is essential for both athletes and daily activity.
Understanding this structure helps explain common shoulder problems like impingement, rotator cuff tears, and bursitis — and also guides smarter rehab and strengthening strategies.