16/06/2022
The food record or diary requires the participant to record all beverages and food consumed daily(Trabulsi, 2001).
However, it has been reported previously that periods longer than 4 days may lead to increased underreporting due respondent fatigue and the task of recording the food intake may become retrospective rather than concurrent (Ortega, 2015). Additionally, athletic population may underreport due potentially increased food intakes and portion size, irregular snacking and meals times or additional intake from sport supplements (Magkos, 2003).
Another widely used dietary assessment method is the 24-hour recall. The 24 hours recall requires the participant to report all the foods and beverages consumed past 24 hours during an interview. Even if 24-hour recall may avoid the respondent fatigue it was indicated by Capling et al. (2017) that the method is also susceptible to error mainly caused of recall bias or difficulty in estimating portion size. Furthermore Capling et al. (2017) indicated self-reporting dietary assessment methods to underreport the energy intake by 19%.
A more technology-based approach in assessing the dietary intake involves combining an electronic real time assessment tool combined with a comprehensive behavior change framework (Costello et al., 2017).
“Snap-n-Send” involves participants to record their dietary intake by using a photograph-based method combined with a behavior change framework. Costelo et al. (2017) reported a small bias for "Snap-and-send" compared with a moderate one for estimated food records or 24 hours recalls. Beside increased accuracy, the presented method has the advantage of being able to transmit feedback to athletes in real time. However, the method is reliant on the ability of the practitioner to accurately estimate portion size, therefore still involving a degree of error (Braakhuis et al., 2003)