13/11/2025
A new review on oral health and menopause was published recently saying thar "burning mouth syndrome" (stomatodynia) can appear even during perimenopause and is more frequent in postmenopausal women, with symptoms increasing with age in both s*xes.
Receptors for female s*x hormones are found in the oral mucosa, salivary glands, and trigeminal nerve. Declining hormone levels can alter neuronal reactivity. Estrogen may both increase pain perception and exert analgesic effects by suppressing nerve growth factors, which may help explain the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome after menopause.
Severe oral mucosal disorders such as candidiasis, pemphigus vulgaris, benign mucosal pemphigoid, lichen planus, and oral ulcers can occur. Trigeminal neuralgia and atypical facial pain may also be encountered. Fluctuations in estrogen and changes in bone mineral density can accelerate alveolar bone loss, affect periodontal health, and lead to tooth loss.
Low estrogen may contribute to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) degeneration and bone loss, while fluctuating estrogen makes prolonged pain more likely. Estrogen is protective for bone and joints structures, and low estrogen raises the risk of disorders.
Pain tends to decrease when estrogen is elevated ( example: during pregnancy).
About 50–75% of women experience vasomotor symptoms during the menopausal transition. Estrogen hormone therapy is one of the current primary treatment, with nonhormonal options also effective. Evidence suggests hormone therapy is safe for younger women, at premature or early menopause, and those using low doses for short periods.
Most existing studies compare premenopausal and postmenopausal women only, with limited s*x-based comparison.
Early data suggest psychological status is linked to oral complaints.
Overall, isolating chronological age as a direct cause of oral manifestations is difficult, and any therapy appears to have positive effects and risks. Salivary changes and the oral microbiome can be influenced by medication, but there are no specific data yet on periodontal health and oral bone loss as a result of available therapies. The complex role of hormones in oral health underlines the need for larger, methodologically robust studies.
If you came across studies in English or German, published within the last 2 years - please send them to me 🙋🏼♀️