30/01/2026
Hear hear! 🙌🏻🫶🏼
Punishment vs Consequence
When we talk about behaviour in schools, the words punishment and consequence are often used as if they mean the same thing. But they don’t -and for our pupils, especially those who are neurodivergent, the difference matters hugely.
Punishment is about control. It’s about making a child feel bad in the hope that the bad feeling will stop them repeating the behaviour. Detention, missing break, being shouted at, writing lines – these are punishments. They are designed to make a child experience discomfort or distress.
Consequences, when they are meaningful, are different. A consequence is about understanding and connection. It helps a child see the impact of their actions and, where possible, to repair the situation. If a pupil has hurt a peer, the consequence may be to apologise or to work on restoring that relationship. If they have damaged property, the consequence may be to help put it right.
The problem is that schools often say ‘consequence’ but deliver ‘punishment.’ A detention after school for forgetting a pencil is not a natural consequence. Losing golden time because you needed sensory movement is not a fair consequence. These actions might make adults feel like they are ‘teaching responsibility,’ but in reality, they rarely change behaviour. At best, they create compliance. At worst, they create shame.
Behaviourism tells us that reward and punishment are the keys to shaping children. But what we know, especially when we listen to neurodivergent voices, is that behaviour can be communication.
A child who forgets equipment may be struggling with organisation. A child who shouts out may be overwhelmed, excited, or unable to hold their thought. A child who runs out of class may be dysregulated, not defiant. When we meet behaviour with punishment, we miss the opportunity to ask: what’s going on for this child?
Support looks different. Support means recognising that mistakes are part of learning. It means teaching strategies, scaffolding skills, and creating an environment where children feel safe enough to try again. It means responding to behaviour in a way that doesn’t just stop it in the moment, but helps a child grow.
For example, instead of a detention for forgotten homework, support might look like a check-in about why it wasn’t completed, with practical help to get it done. Instead of punishing a meltdown, it might mean recognising sensory overload and working with the child to find strategies to regulate. These are consequences too – but they are rooted in fairness, understanding, and the goal of building a child up, not breaking them down.
Children don’t need punishment to learn. They need connection, guidance, and compassion. And when schools embrace that, they don’t just manage behaviour, they nurture children.
Emma
The Autistic SENCo
♾️
Photo: Sitting round the fire outside as the sun set. Something I love to do with the lovelies.