06/12/2025
🌸 The Female Hormone System: What It Is, How It Works & Why It Matters
By Bianca Botha, CLT | RLD | MLDT | CDS
Female hormones are not just “period hormones.”
They influence every organ system — the brain, thyroid, gut, lymphatic system, immune system, bones, skin, mood, and even detox pathways.
Understanding them helps women protect their long-term health, identify early signs of imbalance, and feel empowered in their bodies again.
Let’s explore them in a clear, medically accurate way.
🔬 1. What Are Hormones?
Hormones are chemical messengers made by endocrine glands.
They travel through the bloodstream to tell cells what to do.
In women, the main endocrine glands involved are:
• Hypothalamus (brain’s hormone control centre)
• Pituitary gland (the “master gland”)
• Ovaries
• Adrenal glands
• Thyroid gland
• Pancreas
• Fat tissue (yes—fat makes hormones too)
These glands work together in interconnected loops. When one is out of balance, the others often follow.
🌺 2. The Core Female Hormones & Their Roles
Below is a medically accurate breakdown of the major hormones that govern female physiology.
🩸 Estrogen
Where it’s made: Ovaries (mainly), fat cells, adrenal glands
Types: Estradiol (E2), Estrone (E1), Estriol (E3)
What it does:
• Thickens the uterine lining for reproduction
• Shapes the female body (hips, breasts, fat distribution)
• Regulates the menstrual cycle
• Protects the brain (memory, mood, cognition)
• Maintains bone density
• Influences cholesterol levels
• Enhances skin elasticity & hydration
• Supports vaginal tissue health
• Modulates immune and inflammatory pathways
When imbalanced:
Too much → PMS, heavy periods, fibroids, breast tenderness, mood swings
Too little → vaginal dryness, hot flashes, anxiety, bone loss, memory issues
🟡 Progesterone
Where it’s made: Ovaries (after ovulation), adrenal glands
What it does:
• Balances estrogen
• Calms the nervous system (natural GABA enhancer)
• Supports sleep
• Prepares the uterus for pregnancy
• Helps maintain early pregnancy
• Supports thyroid function
• Reduces inflammation
• Stabilizes mood
When imbalanced:
Low → anxiety, spotting, short cycles, insomnia, PMS/PMDD
Often low in women with chronic stress, Hashimoto’s, and perimenopause.
🔥 Testosterone (yes, women need it!)
Where it’s made: Ovaries & adrenal glands
What it does:
• Supports libido
• Builds lean muscle
• Supports bone density
• Fuels motivation, confidence & mental clarity
• Maintains metabolic health
When imbalanced:
Low → low libido, fatigue, low motivation
High → acne, hair loss, PCOS-type symptoms
🌿 DHEA
Where it’s made: Adrenal glands
What it does:
• Precursor to estrogen and testosterone
• Supports immune function
• Influences energy, resilience & stress tolerance
Low DHEA is extremely common in chronic stress, burnout, autoimmune disease, and long-term inflammation.
🌙 Melatonin
Where it’s made: Pineal gland
What it does:
• Regulates sleep
• Acts as a powerful antioxidant
• Supports ovarian function
• Modulates immune activity
• Supports detoxification and mitochondrial health
Low melatonin → poor sleep, weight gain, increased inflammation.
🧠 Cortisol
Where it’s made: Adrenal glands
What it does:
• Regulates stress response
• Affects blood sugar and metabolism
• Influences immune function
• Impacts progesterone production (they share precursor pathways)
• Controls inflammation
Chronic stress → high cortisol → low progesterone, worsening PMS, anxiety, and sleep issues.
Eventually → adrenal fatigue pattern → low cortisol, exhaustion, dizziness, poor resilience.
🦋 Thyroid Hormones (T4, T3)
Where they’re made: Thyroid gland
What they do:
• Control metabolism
• Influence heart rate, temperature, digestion, period regularity
• Essential for ovarian function and ovulation
Hypothyroidism → irregular cycles, weight gain, infertility, hair thinning.
Autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto’s) → fluctuating hormones, high inflammation load, lymphatic congestion.
🍽 Insulin
Where it’s made: Pancreas
What it does:
• Regulates blood sugar
• Directly influences ovarian hormone production
High insulin →
✔ increased estrogen
✔ increased testosterone
✔ irregular ovulation
✔ inflammation
✔ weight gain around the midsection
This is a major driver of PCOS.
🧠 3. How Female Hormones Communicate: The Endocrine Axis
Step 1: The Hypothalamus (Brain)
Releases GnRH depending on stress, sleep, nutrition, inflammation, and light exposure.
Step 2: The Pituitary Gland
Releases:
• FSH (stimulates follicles to grow → estrogen)
• LH (triggers ovulation → progesterone)
Step 3: The Ovaries
Produce:
• Estrogen (before ovulation)
• Progesterone (after ovulation)
• Testosterone (throughout the cycle)
When this cycle works well → stable mood, good energy, healthy libido, regular periods.
When this cycle is disrupted → PMS, pain, mood instability, infertility, fatigue, weight issues.
♻️ 4. How Hormones Are Cleared (and why lymph & liver matter)
Hormones are metabolised through:
Liver Phase 1 & Phase 2 detox pathways
Enzymes convert estrogen into metabolites (2-OH, 4-OH, 16-OH).
Efficiency depends on nutrients like B12, B6, folate, glutathione, choline, magnesium.
Liver → Bile → Gut → Elimination
Constipation, dysbiosis or SIBO can cause estrogen recirculation, creating estrogen dominance.
Lymphatic System
Moves inflammatory by-products, immune signalling molecules and detox metabolites.
Stagnation = slower hormone clearance = more symptoms.
💢 5. What Disrupts Female Hormones
Modern women face many endocrine disruptors:
• Chronic stress → cortisol steals progesterone
• High inflammation → affects ovarian hormone production
• Poor gut health → estrogen recirculation
• Nutrient deficiencies → impaired hormone synthesis
• Poor sleep → reduced melatonin → worse cortisol
• Exposure to plastics, pesticides, endocrine-disrupting chemicals
• Insulin resistance → testosterone and estrogen imbalances
• Autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto’s, RA)
• Perimenopause shifts
Each factor may shift multiple hormones at once.
🌷 6. Early Signs of Hormone Imbalance
Women often notice:
• Fatigue
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Mood swings
• Hot flashes / night sweats
• Heavy or painful periods
• Irregular cycles
• Breast tenderness
• Anxiety / insomnia
• Low libido
• Hair thinning
• Acne
• Water retention
These are signals, not failures — the body is asking for regulation and support.
✨ 7. Why Testing Hormones Matters
Best tools include:
• Full thyroid panel (TSH, Free T3, Free T4, TPO antibodies)
• Day-21 progesterone
• LH/FSH
• Estradiol
• DHEA-S
• Testosterone (free & total)
• Fasting insulin
• Cortisol (saliva or urine profile)
Interpreting these correctly requires a practitioner who understands the endocrine axis.
🧘♀️ 8. The Foundations of Hormone Balance
Although treatment is individualized, all women benefit from:
✔ Stable blood sugar
✔ Anti-inflammatory whole-food diet
✔ Adequate protein & healthy fats
✔ Liver + lymphatic support
✔ Deep, consistent sleep
✔ Stress regulation
✔ Gentle movement
✔ Avoiding endocrine-disrupting chemicals
✔ Supporting gut motility & microbiome
✔ Correct supplementation (case-by-case)
Hormones change when the environment of the body changes.
✝️ Final Thoughts
Female hormones are not the enemy — they are the body’s way of communicating, adapting, and protecting.
When women understand their hormones, they can reclaim control over their physical, emotional, and spiritual wellness.
Your hormones are not working against you.
They are always trying to work for you.
This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider before making changes to your diet, exercise, or health regimen.