27/02/2026
Childhood trauma in a any child can show itself through changes in emotions, behaviour, relationships and development, rather than always through a clear narrative of what has happened. The child may be struggling with things that we as adults wouldn't think of as a trauma. Divorce, Death of a relative, School issues including friendships and bullying; struggling with school work and many many more.
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Emotional and physical signs
- Heightened anxiety, fearfulness, or appearing constantly “on edge” or watchful.
- Frequent tearfulness, mood swings, anger, or sudden outbursts that seem out of proportion to the situation.
- Physical symptoms such as headaches, stomach aches, sleep difficulties or nightmares without a clear medical cause.
Behavioural changes
- Regression (bedwetting, clinginess, baby talk, fear of the dark) after previously having mastered these stages.
- Over-compliance and “people-pleasing” or, conversely, oppositional, aggressive or very controlling behaviour.
- Risk-taking, self-harm, or sudden changes in eating patterns or self-care.
Relationships and attachment
- Difficulty trusting adults, appearing either very withdrawn or overly familiar with people they do not know well.
- Struggles with friendships, frequent fallings-out, or preferring to be alone even when previously sociable.
- Either extreme clinginess to caregivers or emotional distance, seeming not to seek comfort when distressed.
Thinking, learning and attention
- Problems concentrating, zoning out, or “daydreaming” in class; underachieving compared with apparent ability.
- Forgetfulness, disorganisation, or sudden dips in performance around reminders of the trauma (anniversaries, places, people).
Play and everyday functioning
- Traumatic themes appearing in play, drawings or stories, sometimes repetitively.
- Being easily startled, highly sensitive to noise, touch or busyness, or alternatively seeming shut down and detached.
These patterns are best understood as survival responses of a sensitised stress system, not as wilful misbehaviour, and they can appear in birth children in any family where overwhelming or frightening experiences have occurred.