09/04/2026
For a horse being worked in the correct outline, the poll should be the highest point of the horse and the flat of the horse’s face should be slightly in front of or on the vertical.
Although it is common to see the neck bent at the 4th cervical vertebrae and the head behind the vertical; this is known as overbent or in extreme cases when created with excessive force, hyperflexion. A broken neckline is associated with the horse being trained using hyperflexion.
Incorrect head and neck carriages will create compensatory effects such as a hollow back action, stiff/abrupt movements, short strides and a lack of engagement, the latter being caused because the horse is unable to generate hindquarter energy through collection and propulsion.
Whilst these head and neck positions are commonly associated with dressage, they are frequently seen in many disciplines and at all levels; sometimes caused unintentionally by an inexperienced rider.
Horses being worked in an incorrect outline will develop muscular stress through their entire body with problems primarily arising in the muscular, ligament, fascial and skeletal structures of the topline.
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