Complete First Aid

24/04/2026

Opening the airway Jaw Thrust

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24/04/2026

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23/04/2026

ADULT Compression Only CPR

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23/04/2026

Heatstroke
Heatstroke is caused by a failure of the ‘thermostat’ in the brain which regulates the body’s temperature. This means the body is unable to cool down when it becomes too hot.
It could be caused by spending too much time in the sun, having a high fever, or from taking non-prescription drugs such as Ecstasy. It can also occur after heat exhaustion when sweating ceases.
Your priority is to cool them down as quickly as possible and get them to hospital.
Look for:
• headache, dizziness and discomfort
• they may be restless and confused
• hot, flushed and dry skin
• becoming less responsive quickly
• pulse that’s full and bounding
• body temperature above 40°C (104°F).

What to do
• Quickly move the casualty to a cool place and remove as much of their outer clothing as you can. Call 999 or 112 for emergency help.
• Help them to sit down in a comfortable, supported position. Wrap them in a cool, wet sheet and keep pouring cold water over the sheet until their temperature falls to at least 37.5°C (measured under the armpit).
• If a sheet is not available, fan them or sponge them down with cold water.
• Once their temperature has come down to normal, replace the wet sheet with a dry one.
• While waiting for help to arrive, monitor their level of response and temperature.
• If their temperature starts to increase cool them down again using the same method.
• If they become unresponsive at any point, open their airway, check their breathing and prepare to give CPR.

22/04/2026

Assessing an unwell child - Paediatric triage behaviour breathing and body colour BBB

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22/04/2026

Severe bleeding
If the bleeding isn’t controlled quickly, the casualty may lose a lot of blood, become unresponsive and possibly develop shock. Shock does not mean emotional shock; it is a life-threatening condition, often caused by loss of blood.
Your priority is to stop the bleeding.

What to do
• With open wounds, there’s a risk of infection, so wear protective first aid gloves (if available) to help prevent any infection passing between you both.
• Apply direct pressure to the wound using a sterile dressing if possible or a clean non-fluffy cloth, to stop the bleeding.
• If you don't have a dressing you can ask the casualty to do this themselves.
• If the wound is covered by the casualty's clothing, remove or cut the clothes to uncover the wound.
• If there’s an object in the wound, don’t pull it out. It may be acting as a plug to reduce the bleeding. Instead apply pressure on either side of the object to push the edges together.
• Check their circulation beyond the bandage. Press one of the nails or the skin beyond the bandage for five seconds until it turns pale, then release the pressure. If the colour does not return within two seconds, the bandage is too tight. If necessary, loosen and reapply the bandage.

21/04/2026

How to assist someone who has fallen

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21/04/2026

Fractures (broken bones)
A break or crack in a bone is called a fracture. In the case of an open fracture, the broken bone may pierce the skin surface. But in a closed fracture the skin around the fracture is intact. However, broken bones may be unstable causing internal bleeding and the casualty may develop shock.
Look for:
• deformity, swelling and bruising around the fracture
• pain and/or difficulty moving the area
• a limb may look shorter, twisted or bent
• a grating noise or feeling from the ends of the broken bones
• difficulty or being unable to move the limb normally
• a wound where you can see the bone sticking out (known as an open fracture)
• signs of shock, particularly with a fracture of a thigh bone, hip or pelvis.
What to do
• If it is an open fracture, cover the wound with a sterile dressing or a clean non-fluffy cloth. Apply pressure around the wound and not over the protruding bone, to control any bleeding. Then secure the dressing with a bandage.
• Advise the casualty to keep still while you support the injured part to stop it from moving. Do this by holding the joint above and below the injured area.
• Place padding around the injury for extra support.
• Once you’ve done this, call 999 or 112 for emergency help. Do not move the casualty until the injured part is secured unless they are in immediate danger. You can secure an upper limb fracture with a sling.
• If necessary treat for shock, but do not raise the legs if either are suspected to be broken or there is injury to the pelvis or a hip. Monitor until help arrives.

20/04/2026

How to deal with a Stroke

Learn how to treat strokes and other first-aid on our video online first aid courses see https://www.protrainings.uk/courses

20/04/2026

Tip of the Day: If someone collapses follow DRAB: Check for any DANGER, get a RESPONSE from them, if there is no response open their AIRWAY by gently tilting their head back and opening their mouth. Then check for normal BREATHING (when the chest rises and falls) for 10 seconds.

19/04/2026

Hypoglycaemia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7enH1lJqsKU

19/04/2026

How to apply a dressing
When you have a wound, you should always cover it with a dressing as this can help to prevent infection. When applying a dressing always wear disposable gloves. Some dressings have a wound dressing and bandage attached.

How to apply a dressing with a bandage attached
• Wash hands and put on disposable, non-latex gloves before touching a dressing or wound. We recommend using nitrile powder-free gloves for your first aid kit.
• Unfold the dressing pad and lay it directly on top of the wound, keeping it in place by holding the bandage on each side. Make sure the dressing covers beyond the edge of the wound.
• Wrap the short end of the bandage around the injured part to secure the dressing pad.
• Then wrap the longer end around the injured part, making sure all of the dressing pad is covered. Leave the short end hanging out.
• Secure the bandage by tying the short and long ends together in a reef knot, over the top of the pad to keep pressure on the wound.
• Then check their circulation. To do this press a nail or skin beyond the wound for five seconds until it goes pale. If the colour doesn’t come back within two seconds, the bandage is too tight, so you’ll need to loosen it. Keep checking their circulation every 10 minutes.
Once the bleed is under control, secure in place with the bandage, tying the knot over the wound to keep the pressure on. If blood comes through the first dressing you can apply a second dressing over the first.