Roman's Holistic Dog Training

Roman's Holistic Dog Training Helping guardians reach their dog's full potential by teaching them holistic philosophy of dog parent I approach dog behavior from a systemic perspective.
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Since 2007 my vision is that dog owners should know how to teach their dogs the basic social skills. My Holistic dog training approach implements Trauma-Informed , Secure Attachment, Force three approach, Instead of the common “alpha theory” (based on fear and submission), or balanced training (punishment for mistakes and reward for complicated)I create trusted, secure attachment relationships that foster human leadership and reach your dog’s potential. We look at the whole system and environment to understand triggers and create success that lasts. I coach people too, to understand the natural needs and responses of his/her dog. I will point out characteristics specific to each breed or breed-mix and work with their natural skills and tendencies. Dog guardians learn to heal behaviors and reinforce the good ones with clear communication, love, empathy and trust. My methods work quickly and effectively. Most clients see first results after one session. NOTE:
While all post are educational, I might share links to recommended items. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. You will recognize them from “(paid link)”, “ ” or “ ”.

03/03/2026

Socialization is: letting your dog discover the water with you.

Babis is three months old, and I’m preparing him for adoption for a local rescue, which means every experience we share right now carries weight for life.
I decided to go to the Saint Andrew Beach.

Day 3 of our journey

The water that day was completely calm, almost like glass, with no waves, no noise, and no unnecessary stimulation, just a quiet shoreline where sand met still water.

Babis noticed it immediately and moved toward it with curiosity, his wobbly body trying to get the grip on the moving sand, his attention focused on understanding what was underneath and in front of him. He lowered his nose to investigate the dead seagrass, and even took a bite.

He did not rush, and he was quite confident. He gathered information so did I.

I walked beside him and observed how he processed the experience, paying attention to his breathing, muscle tone, orientation, his tail, his patterns and recovery in real time. He checked in with me, before returning his focus to the water, integrating both the environment and our connection at the same time. That sequence tells me that his nervous system remained within range while exploring something new, which is exactly what supports long term development.

I am fitting in as many relevant experiences and experiences as possible while carefully observing how he handles them, because over exposure can overwhelm him wich as we know is called flooding. He walks on different surfaces so his body learns adaptability. He experiences gentle handling so future grooming and veterinary care feel familiar. He meets people in a calm, organized way so social interaction builds clarity instead of confusion. We takes short outings that expand his world gradually while protecting his sense of safety.

Each experience gives me meaningful data about his temperament and processing style. I watch how he approaches novelty, how he adjusts his body, how quickly he integrates new information, and whether curiosity remains active. That information becomes part of a long term education plan that will guide his future family, so they can continue building his capacity in a way that fits who he actually is rather than following generic advice.

At the shoreline, Babis practiced exploring something unfamiliar in a calm environment where he could think, feel, and adjust without pressure. He strengthened his ability to process novelty while staying regulated, and that is what truly prepares a young dog for a bright future.

Socialization is: letting your dog discover the water with you, while you observe, understand, and support the development of a nervous system that can meet the world with stability and curiosity.



Video:
Babis is a 3 month old puppy available for adoption in East Attika -Nea Makri
☎️ 6932 63 55 99
❇️ up to date on vaccinations
❇️ chipped
Estimated adult weight 28kg +

12 Ways to Successful Adoption and Stray Dog ManagementIf we want to reduce surrender and improve stray dog management, ...
03/03/2026

12 Ways to Successful Adoption and Stray Dog Management

If we want to reduce surrender and improve stray dog management, we need structure.

Puppies born stray are not “behind.” They are shaped by early stress, variable nutrition, and environmental instability. When we respond with thoughtful planning, we improve outcomes for the individual dog and for the community.

Here are 12 ways to support successful adoption and responsible stray dog management.
1. Keep puppies with their mother and littermates as long as developmentally appropriate
Early social learning builds communication, frustration tolerance, and emotional regulation. Premature separation increases stress sensitivity and reactivity later.
2. Support maternal health with proper nutrition and veterinary care
Lactating mothers need increased calories, quality protein, fats, hydration, and micronutrients. Early brain and immune development are directly influenced by nutrition.
3. Create a calm and predictable early environment
Chronic stress during early development affects long term coping skills. Puppies need safety before stimulation.
4. Provide graded, positive exposure
Introduce sounds, surfaces, smells, handling, grooming, short car rides, and different spaces slowly and thoughtfully. Exposure without safety creates fear. Exposure with choice builds confidence.
5. Begin gentle leash familiarity and environmental exploration
Confidence grows through supported exploration, not pressure.
6. Introduce structured potty routines and safe confinement training
Predictability lowers anxiety. A puppy who understands routine adapts faster in a new home.
7. Build early communication
Consistent name recognition and simple word associations create clarity and reduce confusion later.
8. Implement preventive veterinary care
Vaccination planning, parasite control, and compassionate handling practices build physical and emotional health.
9. Conduct honest personality and breed trait assessments
Even mixed breed puppies show tendencies. Matching energy level, sensitivity, and temperament with the right home reduces return rates.
10. Educate adopters in foundational care
People need practical education in daily routines, body language, rest needs, and stress signals.
11. Teach ethical, relationship-based training principles
Safety, trust, and consistency prevent many common adolescent challenges that later lead to surrender.
12. Require lifestyle and expectation assessments before placement
Time, finances, activity level, living space, and long term commitment must be discussed clearly. Hope is not a strategy. Preparation is.

Why this matters

Stray dog management does not depend only on spay and neuter programs. Those are essential public health tools. Long term success also depends on education, responsible placement, and dogs remaining in their adoptive homes. Every stable adoption reduces strain on shelters and municipalities.

If you work in rescue, fostering, or animal care, these steps are not optional extras. They are the foundation.

What’s your adoption story? What helped your placement succeed, or what would you change if you could?

If you’re interested in learning more about my adopter parenting programs, comment “Dog Parent” in the comments.

See book recommendation in the comments.


Image:
Banis is a 3 month old puppy available for adoption in East Attika -Nea Makri
☎️ 6932 63 55 99
❇️ up to date on vaccinations
❇️ chipped
Estimated weight 28kg +

12 Ways to Successful Adoption and Stray Dog Management

If we want to reduce surrender and improve stray dog management, we need structure.

Puppies born stray are not “behind.” They are shaped by early stress, variable nutrition, and environmental instability. When we respond with thoughtful planning, we improve outcomes for the individual dog and for the community.

Here are 12 ways to support successful adoption and responsible stray dog management.
1. Keep puppies with their mother and littermates as long as developmentally appropriate
Early social learning builds communication, frustration tolerance, and emotional regulation. Premature separation increases stress sensitivity and reactivity later.
2. Support maternal health with proper nutrition and veterinary care
Lactating mothers need increased calories, quality protein, fats, hydration, and micronutrients. Early brain and immune development are directly influenced by nutrition.
3. Create a calm and predictable early environment
Chronic stress during early development affects long term coping skills. Puppies need safety before stimulation.
4. Provide graded, positive exposure
Introduce sounds, surfaces, smells, handling, grooming, short car rides, and different spaces slowly and thoughtfully. Exposure without safety creates fear. Exposure with choice builds confidence.
5. Begin gentle leash familiarity and environmental exploration
Confidence grows through supported exploration, not pressure.
6. Introduce structured potty routines and safe confinement training
Predictability lowers anxiety. A puppy who understands routine adapts faster in a new home.
7. Build early communication
Consistent name recognition and simple word associations create clarity and reduce confusion later.
8. Implement preventive veterinary care
Vaccination planning, parasite control, and compassionate handling practices build physical and emotional health.
9. Conduct honest personality and breed trait assessments
Even mixed breed puppies show tendencies. Matching energy level, sensitivity, and temperament with the right home reduces return rates.
10. Educate adopters in foundational care
People need practical education in daily routines, body language, rest needs, and stress signals.
11. Teach ethical, relationship-based training principles
Safety, trust, and consistency prevent many common adolescent challenges that later lead to surrender.
12. Require lifestyle and expectation assessments before placement
Time, finances, activity level, living space, and long term commitment must be discussed clearly. Hope is not a strategy. Preparation is.

Why this matters

Stray dog management does not depend only on spay and neuter programs. Those are essential public health tools. Long term success also depends on education, responsible placement, and dogs remaining in their adoptive homes. Every stable adoption reduces strain on shelters and municipalities.

If you work in rescue, fostering, or animal care, these steps are not optional extras. They are the foundation.

What’s your adoption story? What helped your placement succeed, or what would you change if you could?

If you’re interested in learning more about my adopter parenting programs, comment “Dog Parent” in the comments.

See book recommendation in the comments.


Image:
Babus 3 month old puppy available for adoption in East Attika -Nea Makri
☎️ 6932 63 55 99
❇️ up to date on vaccinations
❇️ chipped
Estimated weight 28kg +

12 Ways to Successful Adoption and Stray Dog ManagementIf we want to reduce surrender and improve stray dog management, ...
03/03/2026

12 Ways to Successful Adoption and Stray Dog Management

If we want to reduce surrender and improve stray dog management, we need structure.

Puppies born stray are not “behind.” They are shaped by early stress, variable nutrition, and environmental instability. When we respond with thoughtful planning, we improve outcomes for the individual dog and for the community.

Here are 12 ways to support successful adoption and responsible stray dog management.
1. Keep puppies with their mother and littermates as long as developmentally appropriate
Early social learning builds communication, frustration tolerance, and emotional regulation. Premature separation increases stress sensitivity and reactivity later.
2. Support maternal health with proper nutrition and veterinary care
Lactating mothers need increased calories, quality protein, fats, hydration, and micronutrients. Early brain and immune development are directly influenced by nutrition.
3. Create a calm and predictable early environment
Chronic stress during early development affects long term coping skills. Puppies need safety before stimulation.
4. Provide graded, positive exposure
Introduce sounds, surfaces, smells, handling, grooming, short car rides, and different spaces slowly and thoughtfully. Exposure without safety creates fear. Exposure with choice builds confidence.
5. Begin gentle leash familiarity and environmental exploration
Confidence grows through supported exploration, not pressure.
6. Introduce structured potty routines and safe confinement training
Predictability lowers anxiety. A puppy who understands routine adapts faster in a new home.
7. Build early communication
Consistent name recognition and simple word associations create clarity and reduce confusion later.
8. Implement preventive veterinary care
Vaccination planning, parasite control, and compassionate handling practices build physical and emotional health.
9. Conduct honest personality and breed trait assessments
Even mixed breed puppies show tendencies. Matching energy level, sensitivity, and temperament with the right home reduces return rates.
10. Educate adopters in foundational care
People need practical education in daily routines, body language, rest needs, and stress signals.
11. Teach ethical, relationship-based training principles
Safety, trust, and consistency prevent many common adolescent challenges that later lead to surrender.
12. Require lifestyle and expectation assessments before placement
Time, finances, activity level, living space, and long term commitment must be discussed clearly. Hope is not a strategy. Preparation is.

Why this matters

Stray dog management does not depend only on spay and neuter programs. Those are essential public health tools. Long term success also depends on education, responsible placement, and dogs remaining in their adoptive homes. Every stable adoption reduces strain on shelters and municipalities.

If you work in rescue, fostering, or animal care, these steps are not optional extras. They are the foundation.

What’s your adoption story? What helped your placement succeed, or what would you change if you could?

If you’re interested in learning more about my adopter parenting programs, comment “Dog Parent” in the comments.

See book recommendation in the comments.


Image:
Babus 3 month old puppy available for adoption in East Attika -Nea Makri
☎️ 6932 63 55 99
❇️ up to date on vaccinations
❇️ chipped
Estimated weight 28kg +

02/03/2026

Babis is learning skills, not obedience! Learning through association, learning from others, discovering solutions and feeling safe starts building secure attachment with a person who cares for the puppy.
Follow his short educational journey.

16/02/2026

Don’t let a soft voice and romantic background music fool you. Abuse doesn’t become 'okay' just because it's presented gently. In my latest video, I talk about how some influencers try to normalize tools that cause fear and pain. Let's stop normalizing discomfort and start focusing on true safety and communication.

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

No, they’re not Plug-N- Play here’s why Every day I get tagged at least once on a post about a puppy, not performing as ...
06/02/2026

No, they’re not Plug-N- Play here’s why

Every day I get tagged at least once on a post about a puppy, not performing as a guardian dog , so I thought I write this post to share what I know about guardian dogs.
Guardian breeds do not learn their work the way herding dogs or pet dogs do.

They are not trained through repetition or commands. They learn through long exposure, observation, and lived experience inside a functioning livestock system.

This matters because many people assume that instinct alone is enough. It is not. Every livestock-guardian organization that studies these dogs in working conditions is very clear on this point.

Here is how guardian breeds actually learn to work.

Guardian dogs are born with a genetic foundation. French breed organizations such as Races de Protection des Troupeaux and research programs supported by Institut de l’Élevage describe this foundation as a set of tendencies, not finished skills. These tendencies include low prey drive toward livestock, high territorial awareness, sensitivity to environmental change, and a strong capacity to bond with a living system rather than a single person.

Genetics gives the dog the potential to guard. It does not teach the dog what to guard, how to respond, when to escalate, or when to stay neutral.

Those things are learned.

A guardian dog learns its job the same way young dogs have learned for thousands of years. By growing up inside a stable livestock group, alongside experienced adult guardian dogs, in the exact environment where the work will later happen.

French field studies on Patou ( we know them as great Pyrenees ) and other protection breeds consistently show the same pattern. Puppies placed with livestock early, and allowed to quietly observe competent adult guardians, develop appropriate behavior over time. Puppies raised without that model do not.

The perfect learning environment has several key elements.

First, there is at least one calm, socially skilled adult guardian dog already doing the job correctly. This dog teaches without teaching. The puppy watches how the adult positions their body, how they move around the flock, how they respond to distant stimuli, and how they settle when nothing needs attention.

Second, the puppy lives full-time with the livestock. Not as visitor. They ate not rotated in for training sessions. They live there protected by adult dogs. This allows the dog to form what French working-dog literature describes as an “attachment to the flock” as a social unit.
This is why I insist to build a secure attachment with your pet-LGD-dog

Third, the environment is predictable. Same land, same animals, same routines. Guardian dogs learn patterns before they learn decisions. Instability delays learning and increases mistakes. We learn what’s right and wrong based on what the adults are performing.

Fourth, human intervention is minimal but consistent. Humans manage safety and boundaries but do not micromanage behavior. Over-handling, play training, or obedience-style interference interrupts the natural learning process described by livestock-guardian specialists across Europe.

This is why adopting a puppy and expecting it to become a guardian dog does not work.

Without an experienced dog to learn from, the puppy has no reference point. Instinct alone cannot teach judgment. The dog may bond to people instead of livestock, patrol randomly, overreact to harmless movement, or fail to respond when it actually matters. These outcomes are repeatedly documented by livestock-guardian organizations when puppies are raised in isolation or treated like conventional pet dogs.

It is also why adding a single puppy to a farm with no working guardian dogs often fails, even when the breed is correct.

Guardian work is cultural as much as genetic. The culture is transmitted dog to dog.

From a genetics perspective, French and European breed programs emphasize something important. Selection favors dogs who can learn this work. It does not produce dogs who arrive already knowing it. Even the best-bred Patou, Maremma, or Anatolian requires time, modeling, and exposure to develop reliable behavior.

So if you ask me, is it a good idea to adopt a puppy from a country of origin to take care of your farm- the answer is of course NO!

I have worked with many farms and guardian-breed households where this step was skipped. The dogs were not aggressive, disobedient, or broken. They were simply uneducated.

If you are considering a guardian breed, the most ethical question is not which breed you choose. It is whether you can provide a learning environment that matches how these dogs are meant to develop.

If you want help evaluating your setup, your existing dogs, or your long-term plan, read my comment below.

When guardian dogs are raised with experienced mentors, stable livestock, and time, their work becomes a specialty, efficient, and sustainable. When they are raised alone with expectations instead of education, instinct has nowhere to land.

Unfortunately many end up rehoming the dog because they think the dog is not fit for a farm. But it’s not the dog!

,

“Why is my 3y.o.Female Pyr trying to 'hump' my husband every time he's laying a fire?” What you’re probably seeing is di...
03/01/2026

“Why is my 3y.o.Female Pyr trying to 'hump' my husband every time he's laying a fire?”

What you’re probably seeing is displacement behavior.
The fire routine is a big trigger for her. Someone crouching, moving fast, rustling wood, striking matches, changing the room energy… for a Pyr that’s a LOT to process. She’s alert, maybe a bit amped up or unsure, and there’s no clear “job” for her in that moment. So her system goes, welp, I’ll do this, and mounting comes out.
It’s not $ex_ual, nor dominance, and definitely not being naughty. It’s a stress-release behavior.
Best move is to get ahead of it rather than correct it. Before your husband starts the fire, give her something predictable and calming to do - send her to a mat, give a chew or stuffed Kong, or even have her hang out in another room until things settle. Over time, that usually rewires how she feels about the whole situation.
If you start seeing it pop up in other situations too, that’s usually a sign her overall stress bucket is pretty full and she might need more outlets or support.

If you need pro-help welcome to message me.

Case study: After the Bite, the House ChangedThis is what fast improvement looks like when it isn’t a duct-tape fix.This...
24/12/2025

Case study: After the Bite, the House Changed

This is what fast improvement looks like when it isn’t a duct-tape fix.

This case involved a Great Pyrenees, a serious bite, family fear, and a household that quietly reorganized itself around risk.

After the bite, the family realized they were carrying too much responsibility on their own - managing safety, fear, and uncertainty without a clear framework for what actually needed to change - and they reached out for expert help.

What changed wasn’t the dog’s personality.
It was the environment - movement through the house, expectations around visitors, and moments where the dog was being asked to tolerate proximity he couldn’t yet manage.

The work didn’t start with generic assignments or a one-size plan.
It started with asking the right questions.

Gumbo’s history, injury and long confinement, individual temperament, and the pressure created by the home environment were carefully profiled first. From there, the assignments were targeted to this dog and this household.

Because the assessment was accurate, the changes were precise.
And because the environment changed, the improvement came quickly - and it held.

This is what ethical holistic dog training looks like in practice: accurate profiling, targeted assignments, and ongoing guidance so the guardian isn’t carrying risk alone.

This case also includes a pay-it-forward element. After the work was complete, the guardian chose to donate her remaining sessions so another family in financial hardship could receive support.

If this case resonates, share it.
If you know someone living in turmoil because of their dog’s behavior, send it to them.









Read carefully
20/12/2025

Read carefully

Distress isn’t always loud - and neither is abuse.One of the biggest mistakes people make on social media is assuming th...
20/12/2025

Distress isn’t always loud - and neither is abuse.

One of the biggest mistakes people make on social media is assuming that abuse only looks like screaming, panic, or obvious fear. They fall for impressive videos of so called “balanced” trainers can - for the experienced eye it screames abuse.

You see videos of
• a quiet dog
• a still dog
• a compliant dog
• a dog doing exactly what’s asked
In a context where the natural behaviors should show curiosity, engagement, activity.

That’s why posts showing “calm,” “neutral,” or “well-behaved” dogs are so often used to sell harmful methods.

In this image I try to show what gets hidden.

• Hyper-still compliance ( photo 2)
A dog holding position with tension and averted eyes. Often framed online as “focused,” “respectful,” or “finally trained.”

• Behavioral inhibition (photo 3)
Low responsiveness, reduced movement, withdrawal. Commonly mislabeled as “calm state,” “clarity,” or “neutral behavior.”

• Subtle distress (photo 4)!
Frozen posture, withdrawal, confinement without choice. Easy to miss - and easy to exploit - because it doesn’t disrupt the handler or the video. Nor the five star reviews.

Here’s the fallacy to watch for on social media:

Quiet ≠ regulated
Still ≠ safe
Compliance ≠ consent
Neutrality ≠ shutdown

The video will not show you what happened before the clip.
A smiling handler ( making jokes) will not tell you how the dog learned to avoid - but if you look close you’ll see the remote control “ring button” or the prong or e-collar hidden under the bandana.
“calm dog” doesn’t tell you whether that calm came from felt-safety or suppression, but you’ll see most dogs in a unnatural posture disproportionately to the environmental context

When you see posts making claims like:
• “This dog is calm because they understand consequences” 🚩
• “No fear here — look how relaxed they are”🚩
• “This works because the dog chooses correctly”🚩

This is where I press pause, check older vidros and posts - and 99% bingo - same dog wearing a shock collar in another photo.

What I look for:,
Look at the body.
Look at movement, tension, responsiveness, and choice.
Look for what’s missing.
Look at the context and the environment

If we don’t learn to recognize invisible cues we become easy targets for polished videos, confident language, and false authority. ( photo 5)

This is how abuse hides in plain sight, gets likes and followers.

📚Book recommendations in the comments

Position Statement on Electronic Shock CollarsDear Dr. Michael BaileyI am writing in response to your public comments re...
18/12/2025

Position Statement on Electronic Shock Collars

Dear Dr. Michael Bailey

I am writing in response to your public comments regarding the use of electronic shock collars, made during a recent radio interview. Because these remarks were made while you were serving as President of the American Veterinary Medical Association, they have been widely interpreted as reflecting acceptable veterinary guidance rather than personal opinion.1

Link to the Steve Dales show:

https://wgnradio.com/steve-dales-pet-world/affordability-of-veterinary-care-vaccine-hesitancy-of-pets-and-more/

I offer this perspective as a behavior professional and crossover trainer - someone who previously worked with aversive tools and later moved away from them based on outcomes, evidence, and ethical responsibility. That background allows me to evaluate these tools not in theory, but through direct professional experience.

My current practice is guided by the LIFE framework: Least Inhibitive, Functionally Effective. This framework requires that any intervention be evaluated not only on whether it can suppress a behavior, but on whether it minimizes harm, teaches usable alternatives, and supports long-term emotional stability.2

Using the LIFE framework, electronic shock collars do not meet the standard.

Electronic collars operate through the application of pain or the anticipation of pain.1 Regardless of intensity or frequency, this places them high on the inhibition spectrum. Under LIFE, such intrusiveness requires strong justification. That justification is not present when less intrusive methods exist that achieve comparable or better outcomes.24

From a functional standpoint, suppression is not the same as learning. In practice, behaviors stopped through aversive stimulation often reappear under stress or in new contexts. The underlying emotional drivers remain unaddressed or are intensified. This pattern is consistent with fear-based conditioning and is commonly observed in applied behavior work.3

I am particularly concerned by public framing that suggests shock collars may be appropriate in severe cases, including those involving safety risks or euthanasia considerations. Under the LIFE framework, increased risk calls for escalation of expertise, not escalation of aversiveness. Comprehensive behavioral assessment, environmental management, structured behavior modification, and, when appropriate, pharmacological support represent the least inhibitive effective pathway for such cases.4

The suggestion that shock collars can be used humanely if the animal understands the reason for the stimulus does not reflect real-world learning conditions. In typical household environments, timing and contextual control are inconsistent. As a result, dogs often associate aversive stimuli with surrounding cues rather than with a specific behavior, increasing the risk of generalized fear, avoidance, and defensive aggression.3

Reinforcement-based training combined with management strategies meets LIFE criteria without introducing these risks. These methods reduce inhibition, support skill acquisition, improve emotional regulation, and demonstrate equal or better effectiveness for recall, reactivity, and safety-related behaviors. When such options are available, ethical practice requires that they be prioritized.24

As a professional in this field, clarity in public guidance matters. Pet guardians and practitioners rely on veterinary leadership to define standards of care. Public statements that appear to normalize highly inhibitive tools risk creating confusion about ethical thresholds and evidence-based practice.

Internationally, veterinary and welfare organizations have increasingly moved away from electronic shock collars. This shift reflects a broader recognition that these tools are unnecessary within modern behavior care and inconsistent with welfare-centered standards.

Based on my professional experience 25 years, crossover training background 18 year, and application of the LIFE framework, I do not consider electronic shock collars compatible with contemporary, evidence-based behavior practice. They are not the least inhibitive option, and they are not required for effective outcomes.

I encourage the AVMA to clarify its public messaging in a way that reflects current behavioral science and welfare-focused standards of care. Clear, measured guidance supports practitioners, protects animals, and preserves professional integrity.

Sincerely,
Roman Gottfried
Holistic, Trauma-Informed Dog Behavior Consultant
Crossover Trainer
Founder, Holistic Dog Training

Footnotes
1 Masson, S., de la Cruz, L. R., Landart, L., Dufour, E., & Gaultier, B. (2018). Electronic training devices: Discussion on the pros and cons of their use in dogs as a basis for the position statement of the European Society of Veterinary Clinical Ethology (ESVCE). *Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 26*, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2018.04.005

2 Cooper, J., Cracknell, N., Mills, D., & Bailey, J. (2014). The welfare consequences and efficacy of training pet dogs living with owner-reported problem behaviour with remote electronic training collars. *BMJ Open, 4*(9), Article e005730. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102722

3 Schilder, M. B. H., & van der Borg, J. A. M. (2004). Training dogs with help of the shock collar: Short and long term behavioural effects. *Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 85*(3-4), 319–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2003.10.004

4 Polgár, Z., de Assis, L. S., & Mills, D. S. (2024). Comparison of the efficacy and welfare of different training methods to desist lure chasing in dogs. *Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 11*, Article 1463311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14182632

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