16/11/2020
認識心理創傷
什麼是創傷？什麼是解離？ What is trauma? What is dissociation?
一般而言，當一個人處理和整合自己經驗的能力受壓垮的時候，就可能出現創傷（Giller, 1999）。在DSM-5中，「創傷」的定義相對狹窄——它僅承認「重大創傷」（”Big T”）（例如：嚴重事故、襲擊、身體受傷）。可是，有些學者提出，我們也不應忽視其他一些「小型」事件（稱為“little T”）的影響（例如：情感虐待和情緒忽略、家庭暴力、受到欺凌）（Herman, 1992）。創傷和壓力的經歷，不僅會影響我們的心理（例如：情緒、想法），更會對我們的身體產生深遠的影響（例如：自律神經系統、皮質醇、杏仁核）（van der Kolk, 2014）。儘管創傷和壓力的影響可能很大，但許多臨床和研究發現提醒我們，復原總是可能的。
解離（可以理解為「失去連結／斷裂」）是指將某些經驗整合到人格系統的過程中出現障礙（Ross, 2007; Van der Hart, Nijenhuis, & Steele, 2006）。如前所述，創傷經歷可能會壓垮一個人處理和整合自身經驗的能力——因此，創傷可能導致人格的解離。解離了的部分，可以是情緒、記憶、行為、身體控制，甚至是身份。以下是一些解離症狀的例子：無法回想起一些創傷經歷、痛苦回憶的回閃（浮現）、感到麻木、感覺不真實、自我感喪失（人格解體）、感到內心好像存在另一個人，甚至聽到來自解離人格部分的聲音（Dell, 2009）。
Generally speaking, trauma occurs when one’s ability to process and integrate his/her experiences is overwhelmed (Giller, 1999). In DSM-5, the definition of trauma is comparatively narrow – it only recognizes Big Trauma (“Big T”)(e.g., serious accidents, attacks, physical injuries). However, some scholars have proposed that the impacts of some other “minor” events (known as “little t”)(e.g., emotional abuse and neglect, family violence, being bullied) should not be overlooked as well (Herman, 1992). Traumatic and stressful experiences not only affect our mind (e.g., emotions, thoughts), but can also have significant impacts on our body (e.g., autonomic nervous system, cortisol, amygdala) (van der Kolk, 2014). While the impacts of trauma and stress can be considerable, numerous clinical and research findings remind us that recovery is always possible.
Dissociation (i.e., disconnection) refers to the failure in the process of integrating certain experiences within one’s personality system (Ross, 2007; Van der Hart, Nijenhuis, & Steele, 2006). As mentioned, a traumatic experience can overwhelm one’s ability to process and integrate his/her experiences – therefore, trauma can result in dissociation of the personality. The dissociated parts can be emotions, memories, behaviors, motor control, or even identities. Examples of dissociative symptoms include: Being unable to recall some traumatic experiences, flashbacks of painful memories, feeling numb, feeling unreal, depersonalization, feeling as if there is another person existing inside your mind, or even hearing voices from a dissociated part of the personality (Dell, 2009).
By: ReUNetwork
文章來源及更多資訊/More info： https://www.reunetwork.com/
《 #成為自己的隊友：認識創傷與解離》（中文版 #電子書），給受困於心理創傷或解離人士之 #自助資源，現已上架: https://readmoo.com/book/210159901000101
Be A Teammate With Yourself : Understanding Trauma and Dissociation (a self-help book)： https://www.facebook.com/teammatewithyourself/
#解離症 #解離性身份障礙 #創傷 #心理創傷 #創傷與解離 #多重人格 #人格分裂 #人格解離 #精神科 #精神病 #情緒 #抑鬱 #憂鬱 #焦慮 #社工 #輔導
