Anatomy and Physiology

13/03/2026

What will the jab do to subsequent generations? We have yet to see!

Spike protein was detected in 37% of placentas from vaccinated mothers with no infection, with 77% of spike-positive placentas showing spike inside fetal immune cells.

11/03/2026

🦴 SPONDYLOLYSIS & SPONDYLOLISTHESIS – A BIOMECHANICAL EXPLANATION

🔍 Overview
The image compares a normal lumbar spine with a spine affected by L5 spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, highlighting how structural failure alters spinal mechanics. Under normal conditions, the lumbar vertebrae stack in a balanced alignment that allows load to be transferred smoothly from the spine to the sacrum while protecting the spinal cord and nerve roots.

⚠️ Spondylolysis (Pars Interarticularis Defect)
Spondylolysis refers to a defect or stress fracture in the pars interarticularis of a vertebra, most commonly at L5. Biomechanically, this region is exposed to high shear forces, especially during repetitive lumbar extension, rotation, and axial loading. When the pars fails, the posterior elements lose their ability to resist forward translation, compromising segmental stability.

🔄 Progression to Spondylolisthesis
When this instability progresses, spondylolisthesis occurs, where the L5 vertebral body slips forward relative to the sacrum. This anterior displacement changes the normal load-sharing pattern between the vertebral body, intervertebral disc, and facet joints. The disc experiences increased shear stress, while the facet joints lose their stabilizing function, further accelerating degenerative changes.

🧠 Nerve Compression & Symptoms
As L5 shifts forward, the spinal ca**l and intervertebral foramina narrow. This biomechanical narrowing can compress the nerve roots, leading to symptoms such as:
• Low back pain
• Radiating leg pain (sciatica)
• Numbness or tingling
• Muscle weakness

The altered alignment also increases tension in the posterior longitudinal ligament and surrounding soft tissues, contributing to muscle guarding and stiffness.

⚙️ Global Biomechanical Effects
From a broader biomechanical perspective, spondylolisthesis affects more than a single spinal segment. Pelvic tilt often increases to compensate for the forward slip, which exaggerates lumbar lordosis and alters hip mechanics. These compensations increase energy expenditure during standing and walking and may lead to secondary pain in the hips or lower limbs.

09/03/2026

1️⃣ Sympathetic Nervous System (T10–L2)
📍 Origin: Thoracolumbar spinal cord (T10–L12 / L1–L2)
These nerves travel through the superior hypogastric plexus and hypogastric nerves to the bladder.

Function

Sympathetic nerves help the body store urine by:
• Relaxing the detrusor muscle of the bladder
• Contracting the internal urethral sphincter
💡 This prevents urine leakage while the bladder fills.

2️⃣ Parasympathetic Nervous System (S2–S4)

📍 Origin: Sacral spinal cord segments S2–S4
These nerves travel through the pelvic plexus to reach the bladder.

Function

Parasympathetic nerves are responsible for urination by:
• Contracting the detrusor muscle
• Relaxing the internal urethral sphincter
This allows urine to be expelled from the bladder.

3️⃣ Somatic Control (Pudendal Nerve)
📍 Origin: S2–S4 spinal cord segments

The pudendal nerve controls the external urethral sphincter, which is under voluntary control.

Function
This allows you to:
• Hold urine when the bladder fills
• Delay urination until an appropriate time

4️⃣ Afferent and Efferent Signals
The diagram also shows:
🟢 Afferent fibres
These carry sensory information from the bladder to the brain, signaling bladder fullness.

🟡 Efferent fibres
These carry motor signals from the brain to the bladder muscles, controlling contraction or relaxation.

5️⃣ How Urination Is Controlled
Bladder control requires coordination between:
• Brain (pontine micturition center)
• Spinal cord
• Autonomic nerves

When bladder fills

Sympathetic activity keeps the bladder relaxed
When bladder is full
Parasympathetic activity triggers bladder contraction of bladder wall muscle l
For non-profit educational purposes only

08/03/2026

Median radial and ulnar nerves distribution

08/03/2026

🧠 Blood Supply of the Spinal Cord: Understanding the Arterial Network

This illustration demonstrates the arterial blood supply of the spinal cord, highlighting the critical vessels that provide oxygen and nutrients necessary for spinal cord function.

The vertebral arteries, originating from the subclavian arteries, ascend through the cervical spine and join to form the basilar trunk at the base of the brain. From these vessels arises the anterior spinal artery, which runs along the front of the spinal cord and supplies approximately two-thirds of the spinal cord, including the motor pathways.

Along the length of the spinal cord, multiple radicular arteries enter through the intervertebral foramina. These arteries reinforce the anterior spinal artery at different spinal levels such as C3–C4, C5–C6, C7–C8, and T3–T4, ensuring continuous blood flow.

One of the most important vessels shown is the Artery of Adamkiewicz (great anterior radiculomedullary artery), typically arising between T9 and T12, although variations are common. This artery provides major blood supply to the lower thoracic and lumbar spinal cord, making it crucial for maintaining neurological function in the lower body.

Additional radicular lumbosacral arteries further support the circulation of the spinal cord in the lumbar and sacral regions.

Clinical Importance

Understanding this vascular anatomy is essential in medicine because disruption of these arteries can lead to spinal cord ischemia, which may cause:

• Paralysis
• Loss of sensation
• Autonomic dysfunction

The Artery of Adamkiewicz is particularly important during thoracic and abdominal aortic surgery, as accidental damage can result in anterior spinal artery syndrome, leading to severe neurological deficits.

Educational Significance

This diagram helps medical students and healthcare professionals understand:

• The segmental blood supply of the spinal cord
• The role of radicular arteries in maintaining spinal perfusion
• The clinical relevance of vascular variations in spinal surgery and interventional procedures

In summary, the spinal cord relies on a complex network of longitudinal and segmental arteries, ensuring that this vital structure responsible for movement, sensation, and reflexes receives adequate blood supply.

06/03/2026

Plant-derived polyphenols may help counter neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by targeting oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory genes, and pathways such as Akt and Nrf2, suggests this review.

Read the article in Frontiers in Pharmacology, a journal with an Impact Factor of 4.8 and a CiteScore of 8.9 ⬇️

05/03/2026

Have you got fatty liver?
https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1F7xekzNyE/

04/03/2026

The pathway of a superficial myofascial or sinew channel running from the head down to the upper limb on the posterior side of the body.

🔹 Overview
The diagram shows a posterior view of a female figure with a red highlighted pathway extending:
From the side of the head and jaw
Down the neck
Across the shoulder and scapular region
Along the posterior-lateral arm
Down to the wrist and hand
Text labels describe specific anatomical attachment or binding points along this pathway.

🔹 Key Anatomical Regions Highlighted

1️⃣ Head and Facial Region
)
The red pathway:
Binds at the mastoid process (behind the ear)
Connects to the mandible (jaw)
Reaches the outer canthus (lateral corner of the eye)
Extends toward the side of the head
A small branch enters the ear

This suggests involvement of structures related to:
Temporomandibular region (TMJ area)
Auricular structures
Lateral facial fascia

2️⃣ Neck Region
)
The pathway descends along the lateral and posterior neck, likely corresponding to:
Sternocleidomastoid fascia
Upper trapezius region
Deep cervical fascial planes

3️⃣ Scapular Region
The red triangular area over the upper back indicates that the structure:
Surrounds or anchors around the scapula
Likely corresponds to trapezius and scapular fascial attachments

4️⃣ Arm and Forearm:
The pathway continues down:
The posterior-lateral arm
Toward the elbow
Down the forearm
Into the wrist and hand

This suggests a continuous myofascial or connective tissue linkage from head to upper limb.

🔹 Educational Interpretation:
This image appears to represent a:
Myofascial line
Or a traditional medicine “sinew channel”**
Or a fascial continuity pattern**

It demonstrates how tension or dysfunction in one region (jaw, ear, scapula) may relate to symptoms along the arm or wrist through connective tissue continuity.

🔹 Clinical Relevance

This type of anatomical mapping may help explain:
TMJ-related neck pain
Referred shoulder pain
Upper limb fascial tension
Scapular dysfunction
Postural strain patterns
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For non-profit educational purposes only
. Medical Disclaimer:
This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a doctor if you experience persistent or concerning symptoms.

04/03/2026

O🧠 A**l Ca**l – Internal & External Sphincters

This image illustrates the anatomy and functional mechanism of the a**l sphincter complex, which plays a critical role in continence (control of bowel movements).

🦴 Key Anatomical Structures

🔹 Internal A**l Sphincter (IAS)
• Smooth muscle (involuntary)
• Formed by thickening of the circular muscle layer
• Maintains resting tone to prevent leakage

🔹 External A**l Sphincter (EAS)
• Skeletal muscle (voluntary)
• Divided into deep, superficial, and subcutaneous parts
• Provides conscious control during defecation

🔹 Puborectalis Muscle (Part of Levator Ani)
• Forms a sling around the re**um
• Maintains the recto-a**l angle, which is crucial for continence

🔄 Relaxed vs Contracted State

✔ Relaxed
• Re**um becomes more straight
• Facilitates defecation

✔ Contracted
• Re**um is acutely angled
• Helps maintain continence

The puborectalis sling plays a major role in changing this angle.

⚙️ How Continence Is Maintained

Continence depends on:
• Internal sphincter tone (involuntary)
• External sphincter contraction (voluntary)
• Recto-a**l angle (puborectalis)
• A**l cushions and mucosal folds
• Intra-abdominal pressure control

⸻

⚠️ Clinical Relevance

Dysfunction in any of these components may lead to:
• F***l incontinence
• Chronic constipation
• Pelvic floor dysfunction
• Re**al prolapse

💡 Key Takeaway

The a**l ca**l is not controlled by a single muscle — it is a coordinated system of smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and pelvic floor support structures working together to maintain continence.

27/02/2026

🟢 The Gall Bladder Sinew Channel (TCM Myofascial Concept)

This illustration demonstrates the pathway of the Gall Bladder sinew channel (Jing Jin) as described in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Unlike the primary meridian, the sinew channel represents the superficial myofascial and tendon network, influencing posture, lateral stability, and rotational control.

📍 Pathway Overview

🔹 Begins at the lateral aspect of the foot
🔹 Travels along the outer leg (peroneal region)
🔹 Passes the lateral knee and thigh
🔹 Connects at the sacral region
🔹 Ascends along the lateral trunk
🔹 Links near the breast and ribcage
🔹 Continues to the neck and jaw
🔹 Terminates near the outer canthus and vertex of the head

⸻

🔎 Functional Interpretation (Modern Perspective)

The pathway closely mirrors:

• Peroneal muscle chain
• IT band & lateral thigh fascia
• Gluteus medius & lateral hip stabilizers
• Oblique sling system
• Lateral cervical fascial line

This explains why dysfunction in this chain may present as:

⚠️ Lateral knee pain
⚠️ Hip instability
⚠️ Sacral tension
⚠️ TMJ or temporal headaches
⚠️ Ribcage restriction

⸻

🧠 Clinical Insight

The Gall Bladder sinew channel represents a lateral stabilizing system of the body.

When this chain becomes tight or inhibited, compensations can occur across the pelvis, spine, and cervical region.

Treating the body as an integrated fascial network often produces better results than isolated joint treatment.

⸻

📌 The body works in chains, not pieces.
Restore balance along the line — restore movement globally.

25/02/2026

I have long said that orthodox medicine has no concept of good health and only has parameters of normality and disease
This study might well be a first

18/02/2026

The image depicts the anatomy of the lower abdominal and inguinal region, focusing on the nerves of the lumbar plexus. The labeled structures include: A**lysis by the_drjoe

1. *Psoas muscle* – a major hip flexor located in the posterior abdominal wall.
2. *Iliohypogastric nerve* – originates from L1, supplies sensory innervation to the lower abdominal skin and motor fibers to abdominal muscles.
3. *Ilioinguinal nerve* – also from L1, provides sensation to the inguinal region, upper medial thigh, and ge***al area.
4. *Genitofemoral nerve* – arises from L1–L2, divides into:
- *Ge***al branch*: supplies the cremaster muscle and scrotal/labial skin.
- *Femoral branch*: provides sensation to the anterior thigh.
5. *External inguinal ring* – the superficial opening of the inguinal ca**l through which the ilioinguinal and ge***al branch pass.

The diagram shows the spatial relationship of these nerves as they course through the psoas muscle and exit toward the inguinal region, highlighting their distribution to the abdominal wall and lower extremity.”

- thedrjoe

Image: Authors

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http://www.secretlifeoffascia.com/