Prof. Carel le Roux

Prof. Carel le Roux ustainable weight loss comes from treating the disease, not blaming the patient. My name is Professor Carel W. le Roux. Vincent’s University Hospital in Ireland.

I am a physician and clinical researcher specializing in obesity, diabetes, and metabolic medicine. I trained in South Africa and later in the United Kingdom, and I am currently based at University College Dublin and the Diabetes Complications Research Centre at St. My research focuses on understanding how the gut communicates with the brain to regulate appetite and metabolism, and how this knowledge can be used to develop effective treatments for obesity and related conditions. Over the years, I have collaborated internationally and published widely in leading medical journals, with the goal of improving patient care and providing evidence-based therapies for people living with obesity.

Overview: What are NAD+ and NMN?NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is an essential coenzyme present in all living ...
04/09/2025

Overview: What are NAD+ and NMN?
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is an essential coenzyme present in all living cells. It plays a central role in energy metabolism, DNA repair, oxidative defense, and cellular aging.
With aging, NAD+ levels decline significantly, leading to decreased metabolic rate, fat accumulation, and insulin resistance.
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a direct precursor of NAD+ and is rapidly converted to NAD+ after ingestion, helping to restore key metabolic functions.
II. NAD+ / NMN Mechanism of Action (Weight-Related)
Mechanism Metabolic Effects
🔥 Mitochondrial Activation: Increases resting metabolic rate, enhances fat oxidation, and improves energy output
SIRT1/3 Pathway Activation: Inhibits lipogenesis and promotes lipolysis
💡 Improves insulin sensitivity, reduces fasting insulin, and supports glucose metabolism
Regulates appetite through the hypothalamus, indirectly regulating appetite and caloric intake
⏳ Anti-aging Metabolic Effects: DNA repair, antioxidant protection, and liver detoxification support
III. Research Evidence (Clinical and Preclinical)
🔬 1. Fat Loss and Weight Regulation
Rat studies (e.g., Yoshino et al., 2011, Cell Metabolism) show that NMN supplementation can significantly reduce fat mass and increase energy expenditure, regardless of dietary restriction.
NAD+ activates SIRT1/SIRT3, downregulating adipogenic genes such as SREBP-1c and ACC, and enhancing fatty acid oxidation in the liver and adipose tissue.
🔬 2. Mitochondrial Efficiency and Metabolism
As a coenzyme in mitochondrial respiration, NAD+ is essential for oxidative phosphorylation. NMN improves this efficiency, leading to increased calorie expenditure at rest.
🔬 3. Insulin Resistance and Glucose Regulation
NMN improves insulin signaling by activating the NAD+-SIRT1-GLUT4 axis, enhancing glucose uptake in muscle and adipocytes—promoting weight management and diabetes prevention.

Echinacea, a perennial herb native to North America, has traditionally been used for immune support and infection resist...
04/09/2025

Echinacea, a perennial herb native to North America, has traditionally been used for immune support and infection resistance. However, a growing body of research highlights the potential of its active compounds—including alkylamides, caffeic acid derivatives, and polysaccharides—to regulate metabolism and support weight management.
II. Weight-Related Mechanisms of Action
✅ Regulating Appetite and Reducing Overeating
Echinacea appears to interact with the central endocannabinoid system, specifically the CB1 receptor, helping to reduce cravings for high-calorie foods. This effect has been observed in animal studies.
✅ Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties
Obesity is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Echinacea's bioactive components can inhibit proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, reduce adipose tissue inflammation, and improve insulin sensitivity.
✅ Gut Microbiome Modulation
Preliminary studies suggest that Echinacea helps restore gut microbial balance and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, thereby supporting lipid metabolism and metabolic health.
✅ Enhanced Mitochondrial Function and Fat Oxidation
Some in vitro studies suggest that Echinacea extract can enhance fatty acid oxidation pathways in adipocytes, potentially reducing fat accumulation.
III. Scientific Evidence
📌 Animal Studies
A 2020 animal study (Tellez et al., J. Pharmacol) demonstrated that Echinacea extract reduces energy intake and slows weight gain by modulating the endocannabinoid system.
📌 Preliminary Human Data
Although human trials are limited, improvements in markers such as CRP, blood glucose, and insulin have been noted, suggesting a potential role for Echinacea in metabolic health and weight support.
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Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, promote intestinal microbial balance and con...
04/09/2025

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, promote intestinal microbial balance and contribute to human health. Common genera include Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, L. acidophilus, and L. remnosum. Recent clinical and clinical studies have increasingly linked gut microbial dysbiosis with obesity. Probiotics may support weight loss by restoring microbial homeostasis. II. Key Mechanisms of Probiotics in Weight Regulation ✅ Modulating Gut Microbiome Composition Obese individuals often exhibit an imbalanced ratio of bacteria to fat. Certain probiotics can help restore this balance, promoting energy expenditure and lipolysis. ✅ Reduced Fat Absorption Some strains inhibit pancreatic lipase, limiting intestinal fat absorption and reducing caloric intake. ✅ Improved Insulin Sensitivity By reducing metabolic inflammation (e.g., by strengthening the intestinal barrier and reducing LPS translocation), probiotics can enhance insulin sensitivity and limit fat storage. ✅ Hormonal Appetite Regulation Probiotics can increase the secretion of satiety hormones such as GLP-1 and PYY, while reducing the hunger hormone ghrelin, leading to appetite suppression and reduced energy intake. ✅ Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Specific strains ferment dietary fiber into acetate, butyrate, and propionate, supporting intestinal integrity and lipid metabolism—providing anti-obesity effects. III. Research Overview 📌 Clinical Trials Lactobacillus gasseri: A double-blind RCT in Japan (Kadooka et al., Br J Nutr, 2010) found significant reductions in abdominal fat and BMI after 12 weeks. Lactobacillus flavus: In overweight women, supplementation resulted in an average weight loss of 4.4 kg after 12 weeks (Sanchez et al., Br J Nutr, 2014). Multi-strain probiotics: A systematic review and meta-analysis (John et al., Obes Rev, 2021) supports their effectiveness in reducing weight, BMI, and waist circumference. 📌 Preclinical Evidence Animal studies have shown that probiotics reduce fat mass, modulate inflammatory pathways (NF-κB, TLR4), and restore intestinal barrier integrity—helping to prevent metabolic syndrome

Green tea, an unfermented tea, preserves high levels of polyphenols, particularly catechins, with catechins being the st...
04/09/2025

Green tea, an unfermented tea, preserves high levels of polyphenols, particularly catechins, with catechins being the strongest. It also contains caffeine, L-theanine, and flavonoids, known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulation, and weight loss benefits.
II. Key Weight Loss Mechanisms
✅ Promotes Fat Oxidation & Energy Expenditure: catechins and caffeine activate the sympathetic nervous system, increase norepinephrine, elevate basal metabolic rate, and boost thermal growth.
✅ Inhibits Fat Absorption & Lipogenesis: catechins inhibit lipase activity, reduce fat absorption, and downregulate regulatory genes such as SREBP-1c and FAS.
✅ Improves Insulin Sensitivity: Green tea polyphenols enhance insulin signaling, promote glucose utilization, and reduce insulin resistance.
✅ Regulates Gut Microbiota: Catechins act as prebiotics, supporting bacteria like Akkermansia spp. and improving intestinal metabolism.
✅ Regulates Hunger and Satiety Hormones: Studies suggest that green tea may affect leptin and leptin levels, helping to control appetite.
III. Clinical and Experimental Evidence
Nagao et al. (2005): In a 12-week RCT, overweight Japanese men who consumed high-EGCG green tea experienced significant reductions in abdominal fat, weight, and body mass index.
Helser et al. (2009): A meta-analysis confirmed that caffeinated green tea extract significantly supports weight loss and fat oxidation, particularly in Asian populations.
Diepvens et al. (2007): Green tea increased 24-hour energy expenditure by ~4%.
In animal models, EGCG downregulated PAR-γ, reduced adipocyte differentiation, and enhanced mitochondrial metabolism.Green tea, an unfermented tea, preserves high levels of polyphenols, particularly catechins, with catechins being the strongest. It also contains caffeine, L-theanine, and flavonoids, known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulation, and weight loss benefits.
II. Key Weight Loss Mechanisms
✅ Promotes Fat Oxidation & Energy Expenditure: catechins and caffeine activate the sympathetic nervous system, increase norepinephrine, elevate basal metabolic rate, and boost thermal growth.
✅ Inhibits Fat Absorption & Lipogenesis: catechins inhibit lipase activity, reduce fat absorption, and downregulate regulatory genes such as SREBP-1c and FAS.
✅ Improves Insulin Sensitivity: Green tea polyphenols enhance insulin signaling, promote glucose utilization, and reduce insulin resistance.
✅ Regulates Gut Microbiota: Catechins act as prebiotics, supporting bacteria like Akkermansia spp. and improving intestinal metabolism.
✅ Regulates Hunger and Satiety Hormones: Studies suggest that green tea may affect leptin and leptin levels, helping to control appetite.
III. Clinical and Experimental Evidence
Nagao et al. (2005): In a 12-week RCT, overweight Japanese men who consumed high-EGCG green tea experienced significant reductions in abdominal fat, weight, and body mass index.
Helser et al. (2009): A meta-analysis confirmed that caffeinated green tea extract significantly supports weight loss and fat oxidation, particularly in Asian populations.
Diepvens et al. (2007): Green tea increased 24-hour energy expenditure by ~4%.
In animal models, EGCG downregulated PAR-γ, reduced adipocyte differentiation, and enhanced mitochondrial metabolism.

04/09/2025

A chairde,
Inniu ba mhaith liom roinnt leideanna tábhachtacha a roinnt libh faoi conas stíl mhaireachtála shláintiúil a chothabháil le diaibéiteas cineál 2. Is riocht ainsealach é an diaibéiteas a éilíonn smacht leanúnach agus tacaíocht i gcónaí. Mar sin féin, leis na hathruithe cearta ar an stíl mhaireachtála, is féidir leat do riocht a bhainistiú agus saol iomlán, gníomhach a chaitheamh.
Is é an chéad rud ba chóir duit a mheabhrú ná aire a thabhairt don chothú. Ba chóir go mbeadh do réim bia saibhir i vitimíní, mianraí agus snáithín cothaitheach. Seachain carbaihiodráití gasta agus laghdaigh tomhaltas siúcra. Cabhróidh béilí rialta le leibhéal cobhsaí siúcra fola a choinneáil.
Ná déan dearmad ach an oiread faoi ghníomhaíocht fhisiciúil. Cabhróidh aclaíocht rialta leis an gcroí a neartú, leibhéal siúcra fola a laghdú agus meáchan a rialú. Is roghanna den scoth iad siúlóidí rialta, yoga nó snámh chun gníomhaíocht choirp a choinneáil.
Tá sé tábhachtach a thabhairt faoi deara go bhfuil gá le haird ar leith ar rialú meáchain le diaibéiteas cineál 2. Tá sé tairbheach cuairt a thabhairt ar chothaitheoir nó inchríneolaí chun clár aonair a fhorbairt chun meáchan a laghdú agus an t-ocras a rialú.
Chomh maith leis sin, ná déan dearmad monatóireacht a dhéanamh ar leibhéal glúcóis sa fhuil. Cabhróidh tomhais rialta leat athruithe a rianú agus na bearta riachtanacha a ghlacadh. Ná déan dearmad na cógais a forordaíodh ag an dochtúir a ghlacadh agus cloí lena mholtaí go léir.
Is fiú a thabhairt faoi deara freisin gur féidir tionchar diúltach a bheith ag strus ar do shláinte. Déan iarracht am a aimsiú le haghaidh scíthe agus gabh do chaitheamh aimsire a thugann pléisiúr duit. Is modhanna iad machnamh, yoga agus análú domhain a chabhróidh le strus a bhainistiú.
Agus ar deireadh, tá sé tábhachtach cuairteanna rialta a choinneáil leis an dochtúir agus cloí lena mholtaí. Taispeáin freagracht i leith do shláinte agus ná bíodh drogall ort ceisteanna a chur nó comhairle bhreise a lorg.
Ní hamháin gur cloí le rialacha áirithe atá i gceist le stíl mhaireachtála shláintiúil le diaibéiteas cineál 2 — is infheistíocht í i do thodhchaí agus i gcáilíocht is fearr saoil. Tabhair aire duit féin, lean comhairle an dochtúra agus glac páirt ghníomhach i mbainistíocht do riocht. Bí sláintiúil! 🌿

Looking for a naturally sweet and nutritious snack? 🍓Strawberries are still in season, making them the perfect addition ...
04/09/2025

Looking for a naturally sweet and nutritious snack? 🍓
Strawberries are still in season, making them the perfect addition for back-to-school lunch boxes.
Strawberries have a high-water content, acting as a natural way to hydrate and while small, the berries are also a source of Vitamin C, fibre, high in manganese, folic acid, vitamin K, and potassium.
Head to our website where you can find a whole host of delicious strawberry recipes, link in bio. 🌞

September is harvest time in Ireland! 🥕🥔Fields and orchards are bursting with fresh, local fruit and vegetables, from sw...
04/09/2025

September is harvest time in Ireland! 🥕🥔
Fields and orchards are bursting with fresh, local fruit and vegetables, from sweet carrots and earthy potatoes to crisp lettuce and vibrant courgettes. It’s the perfect month to enjoy the very best of what’s grown right here at home. 🌿
Check out our September Best In Season guide via the link in our bio to see what’s fresh and tasty right now — plus get delicious recipe inspiration to make the most of it!

1. Why do we call the tomato both a fruit and a veg?➡ Well, strictly speaking, it’s a fruit ’cause it’s got seeds inside...
04/09/2025

1. Why do we call the tomato both a fruit and a veg?
➡ Well, strictly speaking, it’s a fruit ’cause it’s got seeds inside, but sure in the kitchen we all treat it like a veg.

2. What sort of vitamins and goodness are in tomatoes?
➡ They’re packed with Vitamin C, A and K, a fair bit of potassium too, and plenty of lycopene – that’s the stuff that keeps you ticking over nicely.

3. How does the lycopene help us out?
➡ It gives the heart a hand, lowers the chances of cancer, and does wonders for the skin as well. Grand altogether!

4. What’s the best way to eat or cook them for the most benefit?
➡ You’re grand eating them raw in a salad, a bit of juice, or even lightly cooked – that’s when you’ll get the best of them.

5. Which countries grow the most tomatoes these days?
➡ China’s miles ahead, then you’ve India, the States, Turkey and Egypt all growing heaps of them.

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