11/11/2025
Today is Polish National Independence Day, the most important national holiday in Poland. 🇵🇱️ 🇵🇱️ 🇵🇱️
On this day, Poles remember the anniversary of when Poland regained its independence as the Second Polish Republic in 1918, after 123 years of being divided and controlled by other countries.
On November 11, 1918, General Józef Piłsudski took control of Poland, marking the start of Poland’s path to independence as the Second Republic. By 1921, Poland’s borders and political system were officially established. To honor the beginning of Poland’s independence, November 11 was declared a national holiday in 1937.
This date is close to other countries' Remembrance Day, Armistice Day, or Veterans Day, which all remember the end of World War I and honor the soldiers who fought. For these countries, these holidays reflect the sadness and loss from the war. For Poland, however, November 11 is both a celebration of its restored independence and a tribute to those who fought for it.
Poland’s independence became possible after the fall of its occupying powers in World War I. Russia was thrown into revolution and civil war, Austria-Hungary broke apart, and Germany surrendered to the Allies. For Poles, this was a unique chance to regain control of their own country. After the occupiers were defeated, Poles took control of military and civil power to build their new nation.
On October 28, 1918, the Polish Liquidation Commission was formed in Kraków, taking power from the Austrians in the regions of Galicia and Cieszyn Silesia. Soon after, Polish groups, including members of the secret Polish Military Organization, legionnaires, and young volunteers, disarmed Austrian forces.
On November 6 and 7, the Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Poland was created in Lublin, led by Ignacy Daszyński. This government included members of the Polish Socialist Party, the Polish Social Democratic Party, and the Polish People’s Party "Wyzwolenie." Around the same time, Polish troops disarmed occupying forces in the regions of Lubelszczyzna and Kielecczyzna.
At this key moment, Józef Piłsudski, Poland’s future head of state, returned from German imprisonment. He arrived in Warsaw on November 10, welcomed by enthusiastic crowds, and led the disarmament of occupying forces across Poland. On November 11, Piłsudski assumed leadership, forming a new government and soon calling for parliamentary elections.