Apollo Medicine

13/03/2026

🧠 Pseudotumor Cerebri (PTC)—also known as benign intracranial hypertension—is a condition characterised by increased intracranial pressure, papilledema, optic nerve damage, and vision disturbances, despite the absence of a brain tumour.
A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines analysed over 12,000 patients, examining the diagnosis, surgical management, complications, and populations affected by Pseudotumor Cerebri and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH).
Understanding the causes and management of PTC is essential to prevent vision loss and improve patient outcomes.

📖 Read the full article: https://doi.org/10.1177/09760016251324358
👨‍⚕️Authors: G. Chmutin

Background and Aim: Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC), also called benign intracranial hypertension, is characterised by increased intracranial pressure (ICP), optic ne...

12/03/2026

Prediabetes is a prevalent condition in India. Dietary and lifestyle modifications provide the most efficacious intervention to halt the advancement of the illness. We performed a randomized controlled trial of a nutritional intervention, comparing the efficacy of rusk produced from finger millet, barley, and refined flour. The experiment lasted six months. At the conclusion of the study, we observed a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose and HbA1c levels in the finer millet and barley group. There were linked benefits in terms of increased hemoglobin and serum calcium levels without any substantial detrimental effects.

11/03/2026

Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD) is a unique hearing condition where the cochlea’s outer hair cells function normally, but the transmission of sound signals from the ear to the brain is disrupted. This leads to significant difficulties in speech perception, especially in noisy environments, despite relatively preserved hearing thresholds.
A review of the literature highlights key aspects of ANSD, including its prevalence, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and current treatment options. Risk factors such as prematurity, ototoxic medications, hyperbilirubinemia, and family history play an important role.
Importantly, because otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and cochlear microphonics may appear normal in neonates, incorporating auditory evoked response testing in high-risk newborn screening is crucial to avoid missed diagnoses.
Early recognition and appropriate interventions—including hearing aids or cochlear implants when indicated—can significantly improve patient outcomes.

📖 Read the full article: https://doi.org/10.1177/09760016251316630
👨‍⚕️Authors:

Background and Aims: Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD) is a condition that affects the auditory pathway, specifically the transmission of sound signa...

09/03/2026

Systemic autoimmune diseases can significantly affect renal function—but what happens when COVID-19 is added to the equation?
In our observational study conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (Nov 2020–Oct 2021), we evaluated patients with systemic autoimmune diseases who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) during COVID-19.
⚠️ COVID-19 positivity, ICU admission, ventilatory support, inotropic support, haemodialysis, and low oxygen saturation were significantly associated with mortality.
• Need for ventilatory support emerged as an independent predictor of mortality.
These findings highlight the critical interplay between autoimmune disease, AKI, and COVID-19—underscoring the importance of early recognition and aggressive monitoring.

📖 Read the full article: https://doi.org/10.1177/09760016241311366
👨‍⚕️Authors:

Introduction: Systemic autoimmune diseases are known to have a significant impact on renal function, with varying degrees of severity that can influence overall...

07/03/2026

Cutaneous lymphomas are the second most common extra-nodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with mycosis fungoides (MF) being the most frequent primary type.
In our 10-year retrospective study, classified according to the latest WHO 2022 haematolymphoid tumour guidelines, we analysed cases with strong clinical and histological suspicion of cutaneous lymphoma.
🩺 Early recognition of specific histopathological patterns is crucial for accurate diagnosis and timely therapeutic decisions.

📖 Read the full article: https://doi.org/10.1177/09760016251323081
👨‍⚕️Authors:

Introduction: Cutaneous lymphomas represent the second most common extra-nodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common primary cutaneous...

05/03/2026

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterised by persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and clinical events such as thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. While lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL), and anti-β2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) form the diagnostic cornerstone, growing evidence highlights the importance of non-criteria aPL—particularly antiphosphatidylserine-prothrombin (aPS/PT) antibodies.
🔬 Our prospective observational study (n=136) evaluated the correlation between LA and aPS/PT complex antibodies.
🔎 Conclusion:
aPS/PT antibodies, especially IgG, demonstrate meaningful correlation with LA and may enhance risk stratification in APS—supporting their potential role in refining laboratory assessment and thrombotic risk evaluation.

📖 Read the full article: https://doi.org/10.1177/09760016251323053
👨‍⚕️Authors:

Introduction: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is typified by the development of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) that are persistently positive with the clinic...

02/03/2026

Optimising recovery from general anaesthesia is key to improving patient outcomes and operating room efficiency.
In our prospective, randomised, double-blinded study of 60 patients (ASA I–II) undergoing mastectomy under general anaesthesia, we compared Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring with age-corrected MAC for assessing depth of anaesthesia using desflurane.
🔎 Conclusion:
BIS-guided anaesthesia offers earlier recovery with lower anaesthetic gas usage, making it a superior tool for monitoring depth of anaesthesia compared to corrected MAC.
Enhancing precision in anaesthesia delivery not only improves recovery but also promotes cost-effectiveness and patient safety.

📖 Read the full article: https://doi.org/10.1177/09760016251317277
👨‍⚕️Authors:

Background and Aims: To enhance recovery, we can use short acting agents and monitor depth of anaesthesia. Desflurane is less soluble in blood and has good emer...

27/02/2026

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial spine, often associated with extra-articular manifestations such as Anterior uveitis (AU). Emerging evidence highlights important racial disparities in its presentation and outcomes.
🔬 Using data from the 2020 National Inpatient Sample (USA), we analysed adult inpatients with AS to evaluate the prevalence of AU, associated comorbidities, and racial differences.
📌 Conclusion:
Significant racial disparities exist in AU prevalence among AS patients. Targeted risk assessment, early detection, and proactive management—particularly within African American populations—are essential to reducing inequities and improving outcomes.

📖 Read the full article: https://doi.org/10.1177/09760016241309975
👨‍⚕️Authors:

Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the axial spine, commonly associated with extra-articular mani...

25/02/2026

Deceased organ donation rates in India remain alarmingly low — and healthcare workers play a pivotal role in shaping public awareness and decisions.
🔬 In our prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care centre in Hyderabad (n = 350), we assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff regarding deceased organ donation.
📊 Key findings:
• 50.1% demonstrated adequate knowledge, while 49.9% had inadequate knowledge
• Younger professionals (

Introduction: Deceased organ donation rates in India are alarmingly low. While healthcare workers have the potential to advocate for organ donation within socie...

23/02/2026

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Even tumours classified as “low-risk” by TNM staging can behave aggressively — highlighting the need for better prognostic markers.
🔬 Focus of our study:
Tumour budding (TB) — defined as single tumour cells or small clusters (≤5 cells) at the invasive front — an independent prognostic factor, particularly in node-negative CRC.
📊 What we did:
• Analysed 83 resected CRC specimens (no presurgical therapy)
• Compared TB scoring on H&E with pan-cytokeratin immunostaining
• Correlated findings with clinicopathological parameters
✅ Conclusion: Tumour budding is a significant negative prognostic factor in CRC. Cytokeratin-based evaluation enhances detection and may improve risk stratification and treatment planning.

📖 Read the full article: https://doi.org/10.1177/09760016241309421
👨‍⚕️Authors:

Introduction: One of the most prevalent and major causes of cancer-related mortality is colorectal cancer (CRC). Unfortunately, despite being labelled as low-ri...

20/02/2026

The clinical features of leptospirosis may vary from asymptomatic to lethal disease. Laboratory diagnosis is pivotal because of the diverse clinical manifestations of the disease, which are mainly achieved by isolation of the organism by culture or by demonstration of a rise in specific serum antibody. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the gold standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in diagnosing human leptospirosis. 100 serum samples from suspected leptospirosis patients were collected and tested for PCR, MAT and IgM ELISA. Diagnosis of leptospirosis using PCR, MAT, and IgM ELISA was 6%, 9% and 24%, respectively. Both ELISA and MAT can be done if a single sample is available. PCR can be used as a complementary test in the early phase of infection, especially when the antibody detection is negative.

19/02/2026

Over the past two decades, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) has transformed perioperative care in colorectal cancer surgery. When combined with single-port laparoscopic techniques, significant improvements in short-term outcomes can be achieved.
🔍 What this review explored:
A comprehensive literature search (Medline, Embase, Cochrane | 2007–2022) identified studies with ≥30-day follow-up and adherence to at least four core ERAS components.
✅ Evidence supports ERAS in improving postoperative recovery and outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery.
⚠️ However, successful implementation requires strong multidisciplinary collaboration, structured protocols, and institutional commitment.
Understanding both the benefits and the practical challenges of ERAS adoption is essential to optimising surgical care and shaping future clinical practice.

📖 Read the full article: https://doi.org/10.1177/09760016241301471
👨‍⚕️Authors:

Introduction: Over the past 20 years, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) has gained popularity in colorectal cancer surgery. In addition, single-port laparo...