17/02/2022
The five koshas
According to the science of yoga, there are five koshas or sheaths which surround this body in much the same way as the inner core of an onion is covered by layers of skin. Only, in the case of the koshas, each subsequent kosha is more subtle and imperceptible to the naked eye than the one preceding it. One can say that these koshas can only be realized with the opening of the inner eye, in the state of meditation.
Annamaya kosha
The first is the annamaya kosha, which is the physical sheath made from food. Anna means food. The grain which you eat is called anna and the body which is composed of food is one that you can touch, see and feel. It is the substratum for the subtler koshas, which also assume the shape and size of the body.
Pranamaya kosha
Subtler than that which is not visible to the naked eye is the pranamaya kosha, which instead of food is made of prana or energy. You ought to know that our body is enveloped by this field of prana and when you leave this room, you will carry it out with your body. Although you can't see it, the pranamaya kosha follows you wherever you go.
However, if you raise your awareness by the practices of yoga, then you will see the pranamaya kosha in the form of an aura which surrounds the body. Many people are born with this natural gift, where they are able to read the aura of people and determine what is in store for them, because this aura keeps changing all the time according to the state of health you are in that time. Even your moods influence the pranic aura. The phrases 'green with envy' or 'red with rage' are just a few indications of the vibrations emitted by the aura according to our mental state.
Manomaya kosha
Beyond the pranamaya kosha, this physical body is surrounded by a more subtle energy which is purely mental in nature, known as the manomaya kosha. It is at the level of manomaya that the chatushtaya antahkarana, comprising manas or mind, buddhi or intellect, ahamkara or ego, and chitta or memory, springs up and begins to perceive, cognize, record, understand, rationalize, discriminate, accept, reject and compare, to name only a few of the myriad functions that it performs effortlessly in our lives. Without the manomaya kosha we would be no better than the vegetables sitting on our kitchen shelf!
This kosha is the seat of para or empirical knowledge. It beholds the world around, and although an instrument of inner consciousness, it has the capacity to externalize the awareness as well as withdraw it inwards. When it is under the sway of the senses, it is fully occupied with the external impulses that it receives from the world of smell, sound, light, colour, touch and taste. But there are times when, dissatisfied with the finite nature of these experiences, the mind propels inwards, and at that time it receives the impulses of the self which recharge and rejuvenate the manomaya kosha.
This happens in the state of meditation too, and that is why meditation broadens the horizons of the mind, sharpens the intellect, brings the ego in tune with nature and strengthens the chitta.
Vijnanamaya kosha
Beyond manomaya or mind is the sheath of intution or the vijnanamaya kosha, and needless to say it is subtler than all the preceding koshas. The Taittiriya Upanishad elucidates the existence of the vijnanamaya kosha in the following manner: "Separate from the self comprised of mind, there is another inner self comprised of intuitive knowledge. This one is also like the shape of a person like the preceding koshas. Faith is its head, Tasya shraddhaiva shiraha; righteousness its right wing and truth its left wing, hritam dakshinah pakshaha satyamuttarah pakshaha; yoga is its soul, yoga atma; maha its foundation, maha puchham pratishtaha. "
Satsangs on Yoga
Swami Satyasanganananda Saraswati