Medicine for all

12/12/2025

12/12/2025

12/12/2025

70-year-old man with chronic kidney disease presents with worsening weakness and palpitations.
Diagnosis??

11/12/2025

55-year-old man, on Sotalol for AF, presents with sudden recurrent dizziness and near-syncope.
Diagnosis??

11/12/2025

62-year-old male with hypertension presents with sudden, severe, tearing chest pain radiating to the back.
Examination reveals blood pressure difference between arms and a new aortic regurgitation murmur.
Diagnosis??

11/12/2025

💓⚡ Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) – The Stress-Triggered Heart Storm

1️⃣ What is CPVT?

• A genetic disorder of the heart’s calcium channels 🧬 – the cells that control the heartbeat can’t handle calcium properly.
• Leads to calcium overload inside heart cells 💥 (similar to what happens in digoxin toxicity).
• The heart is structurally normal, but electrically unstable.

2️⃣ When does it strike?

• Triggered by stress, either physical exercise 🏃‍♂️ or emotional excitement 😱.
• Catecholamines (adrenaline & noradrenaline) are the triggers ⚡.
• At rest, the heart often behaves normally 🛌.

3️⃣ What happens in the heart?

• Calcium overload causes early afterdepolarizations, which are abnormal extra beats leading to dangerous rhythms.
• On ECG: bidirectional VT (classic) or polymorphic VT.
• Can cause fainting, palpitations, or sudden cardiac arrest.

4️⃣ Who is affected?

• Mostly children and young adults

11/12/2025

52-year-old man presents with severe central chest pain radiating to the left arm for 45 minutes.
Diagnosis??

11/12/2025

62-year-old man presents with sudden central chest pain radiating to the arm and jaw, sweaty and breathless.
Diagnosis??