13/10/2015
What is irritable bowel syndrome?
Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder characterized most commonly by cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. However, symptoms can vary from person to person.
IBS causes a great deal of discomfort and distress, but it does not permanently harm the intestines and does not lead to a serious disease, such as cancer. Although IBS has been called by many names, including "colitis" and "spastic colon," there is no known link between IBS and inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
As many as one in five Americans has symptoms of IBS, making it one of the most common disorders diagnosed by doctors. It occurs more often in women than in men, and generally begins before the age of 35 in about 50 percent of people.
There is no known cause for IBS. One theory is that people with IBS have a colon or large intestine that is particularly sensitive and reactive to certain foods and stress. The immune system may also be involved. Most people can control their symptoms with diet, stress management, and prescribed medications. For some people, however, IBS can be disabling.
IBS is generally diagnosed on the basis of a complete history that includes a careful description of symptoms and a physical examination. There is no specific test for IBS, although stool sample testing, blood tests, x rays, and sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, and tissue biopsies may be performed to rule out other problems, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, which may share similar symptoms.
A diagnosis of IBS is based on negative test results plus a characteristic pattern of symptoms including how the frequency of abdominal pain or discomfort, when the pain starts and stops in relation to bowel function, and how bowel frequency and stool consistency have changed.