20/04/2025
তামোল-পাণ আৰু মুখৰ কৰ্কট ৰোগ -
Betel nut (also known as areca nut), especially when chewed with betel leaf, to***co, and slaked lime, has been strongly linked to various types of cancer—especially oral cancer. Here's a breakdown of its role:
1. Carcinogenic Classification
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies areca nut as a Group 1 carcinogen—this means there's enough evidence that it causes cancer in humans.
2. Mechanism of Action
Areca nut contains alkaloids (like arecoline) and nitrosamines, which are genotoxic—they damage DNA and promote mutations.
These compounds induce chronic inflammation and increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to cell damage.
3. Associated Cancers
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common.
Linked to esophageal cancer, pharyngeal cancer, and possibly liver and stomach cancers.
Strongly associated with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF)—a precancerous condition that can progress to cancer.
4. Synergistic Effect with To***co
Chewing areca nut with to***co significantly increases cancer risk.
This combination is common in many traditional preparations like gutka, paan masala, or zarda.
5. Public Health Concern
Widely used in South and Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and among immigrant populations.
Contributes to a high burden of head and neck cancers in these regions.