Luz Labs

01/12/2015

28/11/2015

25/11/2015

We provide thesis guidance in optical Thesis. We deliver our best to encourage strengths of students for authentic and novel research work by providing them with do-by-yourself guidance. We have expertise in Thesis in Optisystem, Thesis in OptSIM and other optical communication tools. Our tool and technology based guidance serves the students in all domains of optics like- Thesis in Dispersion Compensation, Thesis in OCDMA, Thesis in All optical circuit designing, FSO, IsOWC, Passive Optical Networks (PON) and many other domains in optical systems. We provide quality content and at superior papers for publication. With a record of publications in IEEE, Springer, Elsevier and other Peer reviewed reputed Journals we cater India and abroad as well.
Contact us for Thesis & Research Guidance.
Luz Labs
SCO 36, 1st Floor, Surya Complex, Leela Bhawan, Patiala
Cont: 09914594182, 01755008236, theluzlabs@gmail.com

10/11/2015

May the festival of lights be the harbinger of joy and prosperity. As the holy and much auspicious occasion of diwali is here with an aura of spirit of mirth and love, here's hoping this festival of illumination illuminates thy life with love and peace that may stay with u till the apocalypse.
Luz Labs wishes you a very HAPPY DIWALI

05/03/2015

Optics and the Brain
The recent BRAIN initiative in the USA, and the Human Brain Project in Europe have highlighted how little we know about the way that the brain works. These initiatives have identified that technologies are urgently needed to better probe the working brain, across all levels from single neurons to entire behaving organisms. Optical tools and techniques have become central to neuroscience and biomedical research, spanning from optogenetics and fluorescent proteins, to in-vivo microscopy and
approaches for human brain imaging.

03/02/2015

New Technology for Seeking Extrasolar Planets
As the era of known extrasolar planets enters its third decade, scientists are developing new instrumentation and techniques to find even more of these small, distant objects—and perhaps even take a look at their weather.

Researchers at the 8-m Gemini South telescope in Chile recently deployed a new instrument with powerful adaptive optics tailored for the specialized search. The Gemini Planet Imager or GPI (pronounced “gee-pie”) has a 2.4-cm-wide mirror supported by a 64 x 64 array of tiny actuators, each with a 400-μm pitch.

According to GPI team leader Bruce Macintosh of Stanford University and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (U.S.A.), the instrument will work in the intermediate area between two main techniques of exoplanet detection. The radial-velocity method of planet-hunting, which measures the gravitational tug of small bodies on their parent star, has a bias toward close-in bodies that orbit the star in a matter of days. Direct imaging, which blocks out the light from the central star in a potential planetary system, is biased toward the most far-out bodies.

The GPI team will begin a large-scale planet-hunting survey in the second half of this year. Speaking at this week's meeting of the American Astronomical Society in National Harbor, Md., Macintosh says he expects the instrument to find 30 to 50 new exoplanets, based on previous surveys.

Other scientists are now studying other worlds in sufficient detail to distinguish possible weather on them. Although planets and brown dwarfs—balls of gas that too small and cool to sustain hydrogen fusion—appear as points of light and not extended disks like solar-system objects, researchers can deduce that they have shifting cloud cover because of their short-term variations, sometimes over a few hours.

Aren Heinze of Stony Brook University (U.S.A.) found these variations in 21 of the 44 brown dwarfs he studied with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Adam Burgasser of the University of California at San Diego (U.S.A.) found one brown dwarf, catalogued as Luhman 16b, that may have 40 to 60 percent cloud coverage.

Veteran planet hunter Geoffrey Marcy of the University of California at Berkeley measured the sizes and densities of 42 exoplanets discovered by the Kepler infrared spacecraft. Bodies of less than four Earth radii in size have rocky cores possibly surrounded by water; larger bodies are more likely to be less dense due to outer layers of hydrogen and helium.

31/12/2014

We wish you all a very HAPPY NEW YEAR.
May you have a prosperous year ahead

30/12/2014

Quantum-Optical Spectroscopy Reveals Dropletons in Quantum Wells
Quantum-optical spectroscopy is a new tool well suited for studying quasiparticles.In semiconductors, these include excitons and biexcitons, as well as higher-order electron-hole clusters. It is virtually impossible to separate the individual resonances of nearly degenerate quasiparticles when limited to traditional optical spectroscopic techniques. However, quantum-optical spectroscopy takes advantage of the prediction that multi-photon correlations in the optical field will excite equivalent electron-hole correlations, i.e., clusters in the semiconductor. Understanding quasiparticles and their interactions has led to increasingly accurate microscopic models of semiconductor systems, benefitting both fundamental science and semiconductor technology.

We realize quantum-optical spectroscopy by measuring transient-absorption spectra of gallium arsenide quantum wells at 6 K with high precision while scanning a wide range of pump-pulse amplitudes with a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. This way, we generate the needed set of system responses over a large region in the phase space of coherent states. Recently, we developed a method that robustly projects the quantum-optical response of a many-body system from a set of measured coherent-state responses. The exciton resonance shows the well-known blue shift that corresponds to a gradual decrease of the exciton binding energy. Simultaneously, however, we note a totally unexpected increase in the binding energy of the lower-energy state.

When the absorption is projected into the quantum-optical response resulting from excitation by three-and-greater–photon correlations, new quantized levels emerge with increasing pump photon number. To explain the progression in binding energy, we analyzed an extensive set of many-body configurations and found that the quantized steps can only be explained by a liquid-like state consisting of four-to-seven electron-hole pairs within a microscopic correlation bubble. The quantized energetics, liquid characteristics and small size are unique to a new quasiparticle that we call a dropleton. Our dropleton discovery demonstrates the capabilities of quantum-optical spectroscopy; this methodology has already been applied to identify a new quantum memory effect in quantum dot microring emission.

27/12/2014

Need New Retinal Cells? Just Print Some

Inkjet printers can produce images of almost anything human beings can visualize. Someday, the devices may even print out a second chance at sight.

Using piezoelectric inkjet technology, scientists at Cambridge University (United Kingdom) have printed structures made of retinal ganglion and glial cells harvested from adult laboratory rats (Biofabrication 6, 015001). The method is far from ready for use in humans, but it could represent the first proof-of-concept step toward printing delicate tissue grafts for the human eye and other structures of the nervous system.

The printer does not create living cells from scratch; rather, it extrudes them, bit by bit, onto a substrate to form a patterned tissue culture. Past studies have demonstrated that live cells can survive the inkjet printing process, but the experiments involving neuronal cells were limited to thermal inkjet printing, in which expanding v***r bubbles propel liquids from tiny nozzles. The Cambridge team used piezoelectric technology, in which an applied voltage changes the shape of a crystal inside the nozzle, thus forcing a droplet out. The researchers wanted to know whether the piezoelectric inkjets would damage adult neuronal cells, which have a limited capacity to regenerate themselves.

The scientists ejected the retinal ganglion cells and glial cells from single-nozzle printers with nozzle diameters of 50 µm and 80 µm, respectively. A high-speed camera recorded side views of the ejected droplets.

The cells showed no signs of significant deformation after leaving the print head, and the process had no long-term effect on the survival and viability of the printed cells. The liquid in which the cells were suspended had a lower concentration of cells after ejection, probably because the cells tended to adhere to the glass capillary wall near the nozzle. The scientists will study potential ways to overcome that issue and will also investigate whether light-sensitive photoreceptor cells can be printed in a similar fashion.

26/12/2014

Sea Change: The Challenges Facing Submarine Optical Communications

Cable providers are maximizing fiber optic network capacity, reach and value for increasingly advanced intercontinental communications. How vulnerable is an all-optical network to interruptions?

A massive network of fiber optic cables lies deep under the seas across the Earth. The cables allow us to quickly send our emails and videos, and connect our browsers and phone calls to sites in far-away lands. This network isn’t new. Submarine data cables date back to 1850, when the first international telegraph cable (with a capacity of 10 words per minute) spanned the channel between England and France. As early as 1901, telegraph cables crisscrossed the oceans and connected all the continents except for Antarctica.

Subsequent cable generations included upgrades to telephone cables and data communications cables. Analog coaxial cables of steel-wrapped copper were widespread under the oceans beginning in the 1950s. The bandwidth of analog cable increased quickly in the 1960s and 70s, but the highest capacity systems required electrically powered repeaters to boost the signal every 6 to 9 kilometers, making them very expensive to install across oceans.

Starting in 1988, a massive 10-year build-out replaced the vast majority of these copper network cables with long-haul fiber optic cables. Today virtually all of the undersea long-haul communication cables are optical, as are land-based ones. Submarine data cables handle more than 95 percent of IP voice and data traffic between countries and continents, and 100 percent of international Internet traffic. Users in the United States, Europe and other well-connected regions often take for granted the ease of global communications.

The underwater cable network is a critical component to global commerce, and it’s growing. Spurring this growth is ever-increasing IP traffic, demand for higher bandwidth at reduced deployment cost and the need for additional routes and redundant cable systems that ensure resiliency. According to a comprehensive market research report by Global Industry Analysts, cumulative global installation of submarine optical fiber cable is projected to reach two million kilometers by 2018, up from just over a million kilometers in 2009.

24/12/2014

Soon, indoor solid-state lighting may feed data to our electronic devices. “Li-Fi” could take some of the burden off crowded radio frequencies and open up new possibilities for communications and positioning applications.