24/12/2020
Which: Obviously Human milk. A baby is born with an instinct to suckle so Breast Feeding is the ideal food for it.
All formula feeds are cow milk based which is difficult to digest for human babies n can cause GERD, constipation, colic, allergy etc. However they are semidigested n fortified with vitamins n minerals.
Whole cow's milk is ideally to be given only after 1 yr. It is better than buffalo milk which has high fat content n more difficult to digest. Never add any water to milk, it reduces it's calorie content so baby doesn't put on weight.
How to give?
Breast suckling is ideal, milk at body temperature goes straight into baby's mouth without any risk of infection
Wati-spoon: Sterilised steel wati spoon is good to feed small amount of milk but baby gets frustrated in between n milk leaks out of its mouth while swallowing.
Bottle : Sucking at a bottle is easier n convenient. However bottle should be sterilised before every feed n left over milk to be thrown away. It has higher risk of stomach n ear infections.
How much: Breast feeding is Demand feeding i.e baby should be fed as n when it cries n as long as it wants. A full term newborn baby can take 50-60ml every 2-3 hrs. As the baby grows it can feed 90-120 ml every 3-4 hrs. In 24 hrs a baby feeds about 8-10 times. Never force feed a baby n burp well.
How long to feed: Milk is the main nutrition for a baby less than 1yr of age. Ideally baby should be exclusively breast fed till 6mon then weaning should be started with solid foods n not more milk. By 6 mon baby is taking 8-10 milk feeds, it should come down to 3-4 by 9 Mon n only 2-3 by 1 year of age. After 1 yr a baby shouldn't take more than 400-500 ml milk in all.
Solid food should be started gradually from 6 mon 1-2 feeds n gradually increased to 4 times by 1 yr.
A baby can sleep through out night without feeding by 6-7mon, so night feeds should be decreased n stopped by 9-10 Mon n definitely by 1 yr.
Continuing frequent breast or bottle feeds after 1 yr causes many problems
1. Anemia: Milk doesn't have iron so too much milk leads to low hemoglobin
2. Dental caries: Milk remains near teeth all the causing mainly the top four to decay
3. Difficult weaning: A baby likes to drink milk which is easy n fast compared to sitting n eating food which takes more time. So it avoids solid food n asks for milk all the time. After 1 yr a baby enters the Terrible Twos period n becomes very jiddi or adamant. Weaning breast or bottle feeding becomes very difficult.
So suckling at breast or bottle should be stopped by 1 yr n milk should be given by sipper or cup or small edged glass. We advise to just throw the bottle in front of the child n stop it. The child throws tantrums n cries a lot but don't give in. After few days of not drinking milk it will gradually come around. The solid food intake increases once milk is reduced.
Every baby is different n these r general guidelines by which to manage ur baby's graduation from milk to solid foods without losing weight n patience.
Dr Anjali Bartakke