31/07/2025
Peripheral Blood Smear
1. *RBCs (Red Blood Cells):*
- *Normal:* Uniform size and shape, central pallor.
- *Abnormalities:* Variations in size (anisocytosis), shape (poikilocytosis), or color (e.g., hypochromia, hyperchromia) can indicate conditions like anemia, blood loss, or hemoglobinopathies.
2. *Neutrophils:*
- *Normal:* Multilobed nucleus, fine granules in cytoplasm.
- *Abnormalities:* Increased or decreased numbers can indicate infection, inflammation, or bone marrow disorders. Morphological changes like toxic granulation or vacuolation can suggest bacterial infection or sepsis.
3. *Lymphocytes:*
- *Normal:* Large nucleus with scant cytoplasm.
- *Abnormalities:* Atypical lymphocytes can be seen in viral infections (e.g., infectious mononucleosis). Increased numbers can indicate lymphoproliferative disorders.
4. *Monocytes:*
- *Normal:* Large cell with abundant cytoplasm and a kidney-shaped nucleus.
- *Abnormalities:* Increased numbers can be seen in infections, inflammatory conditions, or myeloproliferative disorders.
5. *Eosinophils:*
- *Normal:* Bilobed nucleus, prominent red granules in cytoplasm.
- *Abnormalities:* Increased numbers can indicate allergic reactions, parasitic infections, or certain hematological disorders.
6. *Basophils:*
- *Normal:* Small cell with dark-staining granules that often obscure the nucleus.
- *Abnormalities:* Increased numbers can be seen in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or other myeloproliferative disorders.
7. *Platelets:*
- *Normal:* Small, granular fragments of megakaryocytes.
- *Abnormalities:* Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) or thrombocytosis (high platelet count) can indicate various conditions, including bleeding disorders, bone marrow failure, or myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Microbiologist- R.K.Shukla..
