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Responsibilities of Persons Assigned Fire Watch Duties

Unsafe hot work (welding, torch cutting, brazing, propane soldering) is one of the leading causes of fires in the workplace. A recent study analyzed several hundred hot-work initiated fires. The average loss per fire was 1.4 million dollars. All these losses are preventable through the use of appropriate precautions and work practices. One precaution is the use of a “Fire Watch”.

Fire Watch: Trained personnel in attendance during the entire cutting and welding operation and immediately available to extinguish a fire or take other effective action. The OSHA Regulations state that each designated fire watch person must be trained:
• Before first being assigned to fire watch duties.
• Whenever there is a change in operations that presents a new or different hazard.
• Whenever the employer has reason to believe that the fire watch's understanding is inadequate.
• Annually thereafter

The General Duties of a Fire Watch person are to:
1. Review the specific type work & precautions described on the “Hot Work Permit”.
2. Have fire-extinguishing equipment readily available, minimum rating of 2A.
3. Monitor the welding/cutting work on both sides of walls/floors & be on the alert for signs of a fire.
4. Correct or stop conditions which may lead to a fire & report any incipient fires.
a. Move covers or wet combustible materials.
5. Try to extinguish fires only when obviously within the capacity of the equipment available.
6. Be at the work site to monitor for smoldering fires while work is in progress and remain for at least 60 minutes (Fire Code) following the job. If the fire watcher has to leave a competent replacement should assume the duties until he returns or is replaced.
Records must be kept to demonstrate that workers have been trained
• Employers must ensure that records include the employee's name, the trainer's name, the type of training and the date(s) on which the training took place.
• Training record must be kept for one year from the time it was made or until it is replaced.

Tips : Gas Cylinders

•Always store compressed gas cylinders in a secure upright position.
•Always store with caps over the valves.
•Never store two different types of gases closely together.
•Never tamper with any safety devices on the valve or cylinder.
•Always open valves slowly.
•Avoid storing cylinders in areas of high temperatures (shade works).
•Never use cylinders for rollers or sawhorses.
•Never attempt to repair valves or regulators.
•Separate full cylinders from empty ones.
•Do not try to transfer gases from one cylinder to another.
•Keep a fire extinguisher nearby when handling or working with compressed gas cylinders.
•When in use, keep cylinders secured to a cart designed for that use.
•Remove empty cylinders from the work area.
•Never expose gases to oil or grease.

Why is acetylene gas cylinder for gas welding to be erected in upright position?

Acetylene gas is commonly used for gas welding because of its simplicity in production and transportation and its ability to achieve high temperature in combustion (e.g. around 5,000 oF).

Acetylene is highly unstable and flammable and would explode in elevated pressure when reacting with oxygen in air. Storing acetylene gas in cylinders under pressure is very dangerous. Gas acetylene used for welding purposes is stored in cylinders of liquid acetone contained in porous material (like firebrick). This is for cooling purpose in the event of thermal decomposition and to ensure that there is no free space left for acetylene gas. It also prevents the formation of high-pressure air pockets inside the cylinder. Dissolved acetylene in acetone will no longer be in contact with oxygen and is not subject to decomposition. Acetone is used because it is capable of dissolving large amount of acetylene gas under pressure without changing the nature of the gas.

The cylinders for gas welding i.e. oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders, when not in use should be stored separately because any mixture of these gases resulting from accidental leakage can be highly explosive. When in use, acetylene cylinders should always be kept in upright position. Otherwise, acetone liquid will be drawn from the cylinders with the gas if they are kept horizontally, resulting in significant leakage of acetone liquid will result.

Safety tips : Machinery Safety

•Use machinery only if you’re authorized and trained.
•Always use the appropriate tool for the respective task.
•Clean your tools and keep them in good working order.
•Organize your tools and don’t be careless; someone could easily slip or get hit due to a misplaced object.
•Always ensure that the operator of a machine sees you; never approach from behind or from a blind side.
•Do not perform a task unless you’ve been trained and you are aware of the hazards as well as how to mitigate/eliminate them.
•Never leave machinery running unattended.
•Never remove safety guards that are in place to protect you and the surrounding area.
•Obey all operating instructions.
•If something is wrong, stop the machine immediately and get assistance.
•Communicate your location and process to those around you, so they’ll know where you are, what you’re doing, and when they need to be getting out of the way.
•Never insert fingers or any other objects that don’t belong into moving machinery.
•Turn off machines and equipment before you even consider cleaning, un-jamming, oiling
•Always read labels and instructions alerting you to potential dangers and hazards.
•Unless it’s your job, never tamper with electric controls, cords, switches, or other such hazardous items.
•Dress properly and compactly: billowing, loose, or hanging clothes and accessories (ties, earrings
, bracelets, loose sleeves, etc.) may easily get caught up in moving parts.

Kanwal Jeet created a doc in the group Fire Protection, Industrial Safety and Electronic Security Systems.

Kanwal Jeet created a doc in the group Fire Protection, Industrial Safety and Electronic Security Systems.
Nov 6, 2011
Fire Prevention:

Fire prevention and protection:
INTRODUCTION:
Alertness only is not enough to prevent Fire/Accident. It is, generally, agreed that preventing a fire is much more effective than
Fighting and extinguishing a fire:
Safety consideration must be given high priority in all phase of our work.
Our most important assets are controlled through people.
We must insure that at all time our people have awareness.
Understanding and the right ATTITUDE towards the need for Fire Safety.
The most important aspect of all is preplanning the pre-incident assessment of resources available, possession of an ON SITE EMERGENCY PLAN liaison with local authority exercising on realistic scenarios. The time iron out those difficulties is on the exercise ground and not at the real emergency, only testing such plans can possibly determine if we are prepared.

Fire risk management:

Fire Risk Management is considered to be a part of Management process:
The principal of fire risk management can be classified in four board categories.
· Identification of Fire Risk
· Assessment/Evaluation of Fire Risk
· Reduction/Control of Fire Risk
· Transfer/Assuming of residual Risk

Component of fire risk management:
· Perceptive ability
· Sound Judgement
· Technical Knowledge
· Common sense
Please remember - what burns never returns - fire safety is everybody’s concern.

Classification of fire:

Class A:- Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as wood, paper, cloth, and other carbonaceous material. WATER TYPE AND MECHANICAL FOAM TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHER ARE USED.
Class B:- Flammable or combustible liquids such as petrol, kerosene, paint, paint thinners and solvents. Mechanical Foam ,Dry Chemical Powder,Carbon Dioxide type fire extinguishers are used.
Class C:- Gases in the compressed form, Energized electrical and electronic equipment, such as appliances, switches, panel boxes, motors, switch gears and power tools. Dry Chemical Powder ,Carbon Dioxide type fire extinguishers are used.
Class D:- Certain combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, potassium and sodium. These metals burn at high temperatures and give off sufficient oxygen to support and sustain combustion. Dry Chemical Powder fire extinguishers are used.
Water has cooling extinguishing effect and other three have Smothering Extinguishing Effect.
Fire protection is not cheap! But neither is replacing your business! Sheer economics is the driving force behind fire prevention and control measures.
An employee can help reduce the threat of fire to his workplace by following some basic fire-safe practices:
· Improve housekeeping practices in his working area.
· Handle electricity safely.
· Improper use of smoking materials is a major cause of fires. Avoid smoking
· Repair holes in the walls or ceilings as soon as possible. Smoke and fire can swiftly spread through the smallest of openings.
· Know the location of the nearest fire extinguisher. Learn how to use it.
· Be familiar with the exits from your building.
· PLAN AHEAD to avoid panic.
· Practice your emergency plan on a regular basis.

Checklist for Home/Office Electrical Fires:
Are your electrical appliances adequately earthed?
Do you connect only one electrical appliance to a single socket outlet at a time?
Do you switch off and remove the plug from the socket each time after using the appliance?
Are plug points adequately covered/blanked so that no body accidently poke their finger/pencils into the plug holes?

You should be able to answer "YES" to all the questions above;
If there are any "NOs", take action right away to set matters right.

Fire Protection Checklist for High Rise Buildings:
While providing for fire protection system in high-rise buildings, the following points shall be considered:
Provision of two push button fire alarm box per floor.
Provision of operating instructions on the body of the extinguisher.
Report to the nearest fire/deputy fire warden in the event of fire.
Check the following:
No exist route is obstructed by loose materials.
Staircase door, lift lobby door for automatic closing.
No push button fire alarm point is obstructed.
In the event of fire:
Break the glass of the nearest push button fire alarm and push the button.
Attack the fire with extinguisher provided in the floor.
Evacuate if the fire man ask to evacuate.
When required to evacuate:
Leave the floor immediately.
Do not use lift.
Do not go to cloak room.
Do not run or shout.
Do not stop to collect personal belongings.
Keep the lobby and staircase door shut.

Safety Tips : Power Tools Safety

1.Use and keep any guards which came with the tool, attached to the tool
2.Never carry a power tool by the cord or hose.
3.Never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect it from the receptacle.
4.Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil and sharp edges that could damage them.
5.Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing and when changing accessories such as blades, bits and cutters.
6.Keep observers at a safe distance from the work area.
7.Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool.
8.Avoid accidental starting. Workers should not hold a finger on the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool.
9.Tools should be maintained with care. They should be kept sharp and clean for both safety and good performance. Follow manufacturer’s instructions for lubricating the tool and changing accessories.
10.Be sure to keep solid footing and maintain good balance.
11.Remove portable electric tools from the workplace if they are damaged, and attach a “Do Not Use” tag.
12.Prevent burns and electric shock with can cause injury and heart failure. These are among the chief hazards of electric powered tools.

Safety Tips : Ladder Safety

1-Ensure the ladder has no loose, damaged or missing parts
2-Ensure the ladder is properly erected and secure
3-Ensure the ladder project at least 1 metre above the landing place
4-Ensure the ladder is set at the correct angle of 75 degrees and is on firm ground
5-One ladder , one person
6-Keep 3 limbs on the ladder at all times 2 feet and 1 hand or hands and 1 foot
7-Always carry tools in tool belt holster or pouch and not in hands

Safety Tips : WORKPLACE SAFETY

•Your safety is your personal responsibility.
•Always follow the correct procedures.
•Never take shortcuts.
•Take responsibility and clean up if you made a mess.
•Clean and organize your workspace.
•Ensure a clear and easy route to emergency exits and equipment.
•Be alert and awake on the job.
•Be attentive at all times to your work surroundings.
•When in doubt, contact your supervisor or manager for instruction, guidance, or training.
•Never take risks when it comes to safety.
•Obey safety signs, stickers, and tags.
•Take short breaks when you keep up a repetitive motion for a long period of time, and sit, stand, or walk with good posture.
•Report serious injuries immediately to a supervisor and get emergency assistance

Safety Tips : Team Work at workplace

•Educate everyone in the workplace about the safety requirements and consider posting a list of workplace safety tips. A workplace safety training will help them reduce or eliminate injuries and illnesses from occurring in the workplace.
•Always keep the communication lines open with your co-workers, employers, or employees in order to promote and maintain a safe environment.
•Immediately notify others of any (new or old) hazards that you perceive.
•Be alert to hazards that could affect anyone— not just yourself; in this respect, maintain a team mentality at all times.
•Report a hazardous condition immediately to your manager or supervisor.
•Be conscious as to what others are doing around you, and do your best to ensure you don’t pose a hazard to them (and vice versa).
•If you’re an employer, invite and involve your employees in safety planning; obtain their insight, give and take suggestions, and ensure that everyone is on the same page. — with Arm Parit.

Safety Tips : Heat Exhaustion

Heat exhaustion can develop after several days of exposure to high temperatures and
inadequate or unbalanced replacement of fluids. It is the body’s response to an excessive loss of the water and salt contained in sweat. Those most prone to heat exhaustion are elderly people, people with high blood pressure or heart problems, and people working or exercising in a hot environment.

With heat exhaustion, the skin may be cool and moist. The pulse rate will be fast and weak, and breathing will be fast and shallow. Other symptoms may include:

•Heavy sweating
•Paleness
•Muscle cramps
•Tiredness
•Weakness
•Headache
•Fainting
•Nausea or vomiting

Side Effects Of Microwave***

There are certain dangers associated to the usage of microwaved food. The reheated food from microwave can be a cause of very dangerous health hazards like hormonal disruption, brain damage, malnutrition, increased body fat and weakened immune system. Some of the very dangerous side effects associated to the use of microwaved food are as under:

1. Continually eating food processed from a microwave oven causes long term — permanent — brain damage by "shorting out" electrical impulses in the brain, de-polarizing or de-magnetizing the brain tissue.
2. The human body cannot metabolize the unknown byproducts created in microwaved food.
3. Male and female hormone production is shut down and/or altered by continually eating microwaved foods.
4. The effects of microwaved food by-products are permanent within the human body.
5. Minerals, vitamins, and nutrients of all microwaved food is reduced or altered so that the human body gets little or no benefit, or the human body absorbs altered compounds that cannot be broken down.
6. The minerals in vegetables are altered into cancerous free radicals when cooked in microwave ovens.
7. Microwaved foods cause stomach and intestinal cancer tumors. This may explain the rapidly increased rate of colon cancer in America.
8. The prolonged eating of microwaved foods causes cancerous cells to increase in human blood.
9. Continual ingestion of microwaved food causes immune system deficiencies through lymph gland and blood serum alterations.
10. Eating microwaved food causes loss of memory, concentration, emotional instability, and a decrease of intelligence.
11.The microwaved cereal and milk converts amino acid into carcinogens.
12.The meat when heated in a microwave loses its nucleo-proteins.
13.The body resistance against the viral and bacterial infections gets lowered because of microwaved food.
14.The food gets tasteless and it loses its nutritious vitality when reheated in the microwave oven.

Safety Tips : Why Conduct a Job Safety Analysis?

Every company is in business to make a profit. Mistakes or errors that result in damaged products, production delays, substandard quality, or employee accidents affect profits. A job analysis is a simple system which can help you attain maximum efficiency, safety and profits.

Other benefits that arise from Job Safety Analysis include:
•Facilitate individual training in safe and efficient procedures.
•Instruct new employees on health and safety aspects of the job.
•Help supervisors to conduct better safety meetings.
•Provide pre-job instructions for occasional tasks or jobs performed infrequently.
•Provide a reference to assist in accident investigations.
•Supply a method to analyse jobs for possible improvements.

10/09/2017

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122. Control measure of work at height ?
i. Use safety belt with proper anchoring above head.
ii. Special training must be given before starting the job.
iii. All scaffolds must be erected by skill persons.
iv. No work after sun set
v. Every platform should free from unnecessary obstruction
vi. Grease, mud, paint removed from working platform
123. What is earthling?
Earthling means connecting the natural point of the supply system to the general mass of the earth by line.
124. What is ELCB?
It is protection of living beings under electro charging by fast isolation from the live conductor to avoid permanent disability or death.
125. Precaution for electric shock
Use dry hard gloves & rubber sole, safety boots, gum boots
The electric holder must be fully insulted
Proper protection for the body
During chipping of slag use white goggles
126. What is term card
It is legal requirements in case of emergency in violin vehicles carrying hazards substance.
127. What are audit elements
OS & H policy, educational training, safety manual and rules, new equipments, safety inspection, machine guarding, material handling safe operating procedures noise.

128. What are five rules of forth job
1. Select the right ladders forth job
2. Inspect ladder before you see it
3. Setup the ladder with care
4. Climb in carefully
5. Use safe practices
129. What are 4 Ps
Procedure – Rules, regulation
Protective gear – PPE
Promotional aspects – Competitions, rewards
Publicity – Bulleting, posters
130. How many types of sign boards
Mandatory
Information
Fire or explosion
Caution
Wiring
131. What is TWA ? – for 8 Hrs. exposure perday
It is define as the limit of air bone concentration of substances under which personnel may be exposed for 8 hrs. per day without any adverse effect.
132. What is STEL 0 for 15 minutes continuous exposure
It is considered as maximum allowable concentration not to be exceeded at any time during 15 minutes continuous expose period.
It is a maximum on concentration to which works or can be exposed to a period of to15 minutes continuously without suffering from irritation.
133. What are the duties of a factory inspector ?
He takes up the license and registration of factories
He also verify the documents related to factory workers
He suggests suitable and welfare measures
134. What are welfare measures of factory act ?
Adequate and suitable washing facilities should be provided
Facilities for sitting during rest hours should be provided
If more than 250 workers are employed in a factory a canteen facility shall be provided.
Shelters rest rooms and drinking water shall be provided.
Welfare officer shall be employed where than 50 workers are working.
135. What is safety inventory system ?
It is a safety date collecting technique and carried out to promote full employee co-operation condition in the implementation of the company’s safety surveys.
136. What is safety surveys ?
Safety surveys are made to have detailed observations of all types of unsafe physical and environment conditions as well as unsafe practices committed the health and comfort or workers.
137. what is industrial hygiene ?
Industrial hygiene is defined as the art and science of the presentation and improvement of the health and comfort of workers.
138. What are belongs to un hygienic working environment ?
Presence of toxic,
High temp.
Excessive noise
Emission of radiation
Improper lighting
Improper ventilation
Process involving handling of poisonous.
139. What is ingestion ?
Entry of harmful materials through mouth is called ingestion
140. What is inhalation ?
Entry of harm full materials through mouth is called inhalation.
141. What are of four legs of fire safety ?
Fire protection
Fire prevention
Quantity control
Preventive Maintenance
142. What are the important points to be observed for fire prevention ?
Good house keeping
No smoking
Use of fire resistant paint
Electrical safety
Fire check doors
Naked flame safety
Separate storage of hazardous chemicals
143. Safety Triangle – Green ?
Safety day – 4th March
Fire Day – 14th April
Hot Work – Red or pink
Cold Work – Green
Confined - Blue
Radiography – Yellow
Water type extinguisher – Red
Foam type extinguisher – Cream (green)
Co2 extinguisher Black
DCP extinguisher Blue
144. What is lathe ?
Lathe is an equipment use for cutting, threading, millingor facing etc.
145. What is Noise ?
Unwanted sound which causes to the ears caused by mechanical movement.
146. What is respiration ?
The process of inhaling fresh air and exhaling, to entering a confined place is called respiration.
147. What is hot work permit ?
Any work which involves spark flame, temperature is called HWP
148. What is cold work permit ?
Any work which does not involved production of spark flame, heat, temp. is called CWP
149. What
A form on energy resulting from the existence of charged parites by dynamically as a current.
It requires for worker on electrical equipments, machinery, cables, switch boards, pumps and other distribution boards.
150. What is radiography ?
It is conducted to check the welding joints for any blow holes defects through x-ray.
151. What is vehicles / Mobile permit ?
The permit is required for taking any vehicle are mobile equipments having a diesel equipment having a diesel or petrol operated engine in to hazardous area.
152. What are risks in vehicle permit ?
1. Sparks, 2. Accidents 3. Pollution
153. Control measures of vehicles permit ?
Fitted spark arrester
Speed 30 km./hours
Proper warring lights
No over load
Correct parking
Pollution check
3rd party inspection
154. Control measures of radiography?
Barricade the area
Remove all un-necessary persons away from site
Check radiation level with dosimeter
Use lead shields
Put a sign board
Risk tissue damaged
Use special filter glass
Use lead coated aprons

10/09/2017

60. Give a brief note about crane and LE?
1. Only authorized and competent person should operated cranes
2. The correct sling must be used for the load to be lifts
3. Lifting equipment must be certified from competent authority and mark with its SWL
4. Never be used for loads excess of its SWL
5. Cables and slings must be padded when passing over sharp edges of equipments
6. Check the condition of the ground before parking the crane and use out riggers
7. All moving parts must be guarded
8. Uncertified chains, ropes, slings and hooks should not be use
9. All slings to be inspected by third party inspectors
10. Never stand or work under a suspended load
11. Place the out riggers on firms ground
12. Guide ropes shall be used to control swing of lifted material
13. Never operate the crane at the time of speed wing
14. Lifting over live equipment should not be encouraged
15. The crane should under go periodical maintenance as per manufactures
61 Give brief note about fork lift truck?
1. Check breaks, lift tilt and tires.
2. Check the stability of load before moving it
3. Never leave your fork lift truck un-attend with motor running
4. Never park fork lift truck on passage way
5. Never drive with wet or greasy hands
6. Always drive with a safe speed and slow down at turning point
7. When driving without load forks about 6 inches above the floor or ground
8. Never operate trunk in gaseous area
9. Never carry a load so high that you can not head, If necessary operate truck in reverse
10. Avoid carrying lose materials on forks
11. Never allow one to go under elevated loads
12. Warn other employees to stand clear when staking or removing materials
13. Exhaust pipe should have flame arrestor
14. Fork should be lowered to the floor when the truck is unattended
15. Stay alert t all times
62 Give a brief about grinding?
1. Proper wheel shall be used a per the grinding M/c’s specification
2. All the grinding M/c’s shall be used with wheel guard
3. Grinding cables shall not mingle with welding cables
4. All the cables shall be protected from damage
5. Provide face shield with safety helmet
6. Never use fracture wheel
7. Excessive tighting of maintaining is dangerous
8. All guards should be in position before the machine operated
9. The speed of the grinding should match in the speeds of the grinding machines
10. Only skill person should be handle this work
11. Testing of wheel is necessary
63 Describe about vehicles and plants?
1. All vehicles requiring security vehicles pass
2. All drivers should have valid driving licence
3. Drivers should not use fork lift trucks for carrying passengers
4. All traffic regulations and speed limit should be strictly followed in side the plant area
5. All vehicles area in a road worthy condition
6. Vehicles park in the operation area must always unlocked with in ignition key in position
64 Precaution of excavation?
1. Excavation area should be suitable barricade
2. Put sign boards lights and flags
3. Avoid heavy vehicle coming near the sides
4. PPE like helmet, safety shoes should be used
5. Keep the excavated soil at least 5 feet distance
6. Excavated sides should be sloped bake to a safe angle
7. Hand excavation should be done at the present of UG pipes or cables place
8. Cutting shall be done from top to bottom
9. All narrow trenches 4 feet or more deep shall be supplied at least one ladder
10. While excavating on the slope on the slope whose height is over 10 feet men should use safety belts
65 What are advantages of JSA? ( Job safety Analysis)
1. It helps to identify hazards and prevent accident
2. It helps to establish safe work method, working conditions and suitable plant safety rules
3. It helps to asses the safety training four heading can be used for JSA.
4. It helps to inspection the plant
a) Name of operation for JSA
b) Description of the operation
c) Hazards
d) Precautions
66 What is tool box talk?
1. Job related safety aspects
2. Job related hazards / risk
3. Control / preventive measure
4. Adequacy of PPE’s / condition
5. Following safety rules / procedures
6. Safe work procedures / methods
67 Describe different types of hazards?
1. Mechanical hazards --- in adequately guarded machines parts
2. Chemical hazards --- of toxemic gasses, vapours, fumes, smoke in dust.
3. Electrical hazards : in adequately insulated line wires
4. Fire hazards – chemical reaction, electrical Arcs
5. Radiation hazards – dazzing light in fraved rays ultra violet rays
6. Pollution --- water pollution & noise pollution
68 What is inspection?
1. Inspection means to fin out hazards according to checklist prepared with reference to the department operations by the people who are familiar with the plant.
69 Plant safety inspection by whom?
Safety officer
By line management personal
By senior management personnel
First line supervisor
By maintenance engineers
By workers
By safety committee
By statutory authorites
70 How many types inspection?
There are 5 types inspection ; pressures of boilers( supervisor)
1. Continuous inspection – select employees / operator
2. Periodical Inspection – material storage, fire fighting equipments, handling equipments
3. Intermittent inspection – un announced inspection done by safety officer, safety committee. ( Particular work spot)
4. Statutory inspection – storage area, location at height ( cranes, ropes, chains, it my tackles inspection)
5. Special inspection – accident investigation
Inspection of new building, general lighting, use of PPE’s etc. construction work.
71 What is safety management?
Safety management is an act and science of setting safety objectives of the industrial company.
72 What is accident investigation?
Accident investigation means to carried out immediately the occurrence of accident to find out real facts to avoid the future accident.
73 What is accident statistics?
It means to maintenance of accident details
74 How to investigate an accidents?
Injured persons name, address, designation age
Exact place and types of hazards
Date, shift, time
To find out the causes/ reasons
To take correction action
Fact finding not fault finding
75 How to report an accident?
1. Date and time
2. Activity
3. What happened
4. Person involved
5. What went wrong
6. Causes
7. Corrective action suggested
8. Signature
9. Safety officer
10. Safety in charge
11. Project manager
76 What is accident prevention?
Accident prevention may be defined as an integrated programme and directed to control un safe mechanical or physical condition.
77 Role of management in industrial safety?
1. A written safety policy be issued by the management’s towards men, material and machines.
2. The safety policy should bring out the management’s towards men, material machine.3
3. The safety policy should be circulated to top, middle and to workers
4. Management meeting should be in a position
5. Management should arrange for safety inspection ( once in 3 months ) and safety audit ( once in year) to be carried out.
78 Give a brief note about safety policy ?
1. The safety and heath of all employees is one of prime concerned of the company.
2. Every company will be require to the policy both in letter and in spirit.
3. the company shall comply straightly with act, laws, rules and regulations
4. The company shall impart raining in health safety and occupational health to all employees.
5. The company will adopt own safety and health standards where laws may not be available.
79 Safety in the use of hand trucks?
1. the truck should be inspected
2. The axles should be greased well
3. Safety shoes should be work by the operators.
4. The load should be balanced and the weight of the load should not fall on the axle
5. The hard cart should not be wider than the width of the hand truck.
6. The hard cart should be pushed and not pulled
7. The truck should not be placed on path ways.
80 How many types of safety?
There are three types of safety.
a. Plant safety b. Workers safety 3. Consumer safety
81. Human factors causing accidents?
1. Carelessness
2. Fooling bout it
3. Hurrying to increase production
4. Laziness in house keeping
5. Hurrying in Lunchtime
6. Lack of attention due to worry
7. Alcohol and drugs
8. Lack of skill and experience
9. Not using PPE
82. How many steps in safety?
There are 4 steps in safety
1. Policy
2. Implementation
3. Take advantages of factory act
4. Safe working conditions.
83. Write causes of accidents ?
Direct cause: Unsafe act and unsafe condition.
Indirect Cause: 1. Lack of knowledge or skill
2. Improper attitude
3. Physical or mental deficiency
84. Give some examples about unsafe act?
1. Operating any equipment without properly authority
2. Failure to warning
3. Operating at unsafe speed
4. Failure to use PPE
5. Using hands instead of tools and equipment
6. Unsafe loading or placing or stacking
7. Unsafe position/ posture
8. Working on moving equipments
9. Wearing loose clothes while working on running machine
10. Working at height without safety belt
85. Give some examples about un safe conditions?
1. Un guarded machine/ equipment
2. Poor lighting
3. Narrow road
4. Improper stacking
5. Oil on floor
6. Unsafe ventilation
7. Unsafe defective construction
8. Defective condition of tools and equipment
9. Unsafe method or procedure
10. Bad housekeeping
86. Write about accident sequence?
A personal injury occurs only as the result of an accidents
An accident occurs only as the result of a unsafe action or un safe mechanical or physical conditions or both.
Unsafe action or unsafe condition or mechanical or physical condition exist only because of faulting the part of persons.
Fault of persons acquires from the environment and the causes for lack of knowledge or skills or improper attitude.
87. Write a brief about classification of fire?
They are mainly five types of fire.
Class A Fire : Wood, paper, clothes, rubbers etc.
Class B Fire : Oil, grease, paint, petroleum etc.
Class C Fire : Acetylene, ethane, methane etc.
Class D Fire : Sodium, magnesium, potassium etc.
Class E Fire : Electrical equipment etc.
88. Write uses of extinguisher for purpose ?
1. Water type extinguisher – Class A fire (not be B & E)
2. Foam type extinguisher – Class B fire (S.B + A.S.= Co2)
3. Carbon dioxide extinguisher Class C Fire
4. DCP Extinguisher – Class C, D or E
89. What precaution are necessary for protect of fires ?
1. Buildings and plants shall be so laid out and roads, passage ways etc.
2. Doors and windows shall be located in suitable positions on all external walls of the building.
3. Smoking lighting or carrying matches are to be prohibited
4. Gas cylinders should not be stored near high flammable substances
5. Flammable liquids shall be stored in suitable containers with close fitting covers.
6. In every factory has to suitable fire fighting equipment
7. All fire fighting equipment shall be subjected to routine maintenance inspection and testing by proper trained persons.
8. Sufficient number of persons shall be trained in the proper handling of fire fighting equipment.
90. Precaution for burn person?
1. It fire catches a single person’s cloth; he should immediately roll on the floor.
2. No lotion of any kind should be applied on the burn area
3. In case of burns due to corrosive chemicals, the burn parts should be flooded with water
4. The burn area should be covered with dry sterile dressing
5. Physical shock of the person is treated by giving him weak tea or coffee
6. In major cases the patient should be sent to hospital as quickly as possible
91. Factory act?
Sec.’6’ Registration of a factory
Sec.’11’ Cleanliness
Sec.’13’ Ventilation and temperature
Sec.’17’ Lighting
Sec.’18,19’ Drinking water and sanitary
Sec.’23’ Employment of young person on dangerous mechanical
Sec.’28’ Hoist and lifts
Sec.’29’ Lifting machines and tackles
Sec.35’ protection of eyes
Sec.’36’ Precaution against danger furmes
Sec.’36(A)’ Use of portable electric light
Sec.’38’ Protection in case of fire
Sec.’40(A)’ Maintenance of building
Sec.40(B)’ Safety officers duty
Sec.’45’ First aid boxes
Sec.’111’ Obligation of workers
92. Personal protective equipments? P.P.E
1. Head protection - Hard hat, cap, and helmet
Made – aluminum, PVC, fiber glass, Plastic
Protect – heal, spark, danger materials
2. Face and eye protection – Spectacles, Welding goggles, face shield
Protect – flying particles, radation
3. Hand protection – Gloves, hand pads
Made – leather, rubber, PVC, asbestos
Protect – acid, oil grease, pure Alex rubber gloves electrical
4. Foot and leg protection – Safety shoes, gum boots, foot leg guard
Made – Metal, leather, rubber
Project – falling materials and electrical work
5. Body protection - Apron, hood, coverall, jacket
Made rubber, leather canvas, lead, PVC asbestos
Asbestos hood – Fire fighting
Rubber, PVC full suit – ( Corrosively liquid, fumes, vapour
Safety belts – work exceeds 3 mts
6. Ear production – earmuff – noise – 30 – 135DB
7. Ear plug – 115 – 120 DB
93. What is safety management?
Safety management is an art and science of setting safety objectives of the Industrial company and related activities of planning, administration, Improving, Various functions to achieve the safety objectives.
94. What are the objectives of safety management?
1. Taking care of workers and staff in the event of an accident
2. Providing health full environment and surrounding
3. Welfare
4. Continuous vigil and improvement
95. How many types of PPE?
There are two types of PPE
1. Respiratory 2. Non respiratory
Respiratory --- Air supplied
--- Air purified
Air supplied --- Compressed air breathing apparatus set
Air purified --- Cannisters gas mask
---- Chemical cartridges respirator
-------- Surgical cotton mask
Dust filter mask (dust respirator)
96. How many types work permit?
There are two types of work permit
1. Cold work permit
2. Hot work permit
The hot work permit further classified into 3 types
Normal hot work permit
Blanket hot work permit
Delegate hot work permit
97. What is blanket permit?
A blanket permit is a permit issued on the basis of location where the multiple jobs are to be carried out at safe location.
98. What is delegated work permit?
Delegated work permit used for areas requiring light control. Ex : Fabrication, yards – valid – 30 days
99. How many types of accidents?
There are 4 types of accidents
1. Near miss accident – escape
2. No lost time reported 48hrs. before
3. Los time – reported 48hrs. after
4. Fated – Death
100. Heinrich accident ratio?
Major injury
Minor injury
No injury

Bird accident ratio?
Serious
Minor
Property damage
No visible injury

101. How to control risk?
The risk is control by following process they are eliminate, replace, reduce, control and PPE.
102. What are the hazards in chemical safety?
1. Danger due to fire/ explosion
2. Danger due to toxicity
103. How to control the chemical hazards?
The chemical hazards are control by engineering method, administrative method and PPE.
104. Give a brief note about act related with session?
The factory Act – 1948 Petroleum Act – 1934
The mines Act – 1952 Water Act – 1974
Automatic energy Act – 1962 Air Act – 1948
Railways Act – 1890
Indian electricity Act – 1910
Indian boilers Act – 1884
Workmen compensation Act – 1948
Employee’s state insurance Act – 1948
105. What is first aid?
Firs aid is temporary and immediate care given to the victim of an accident.
106. What are the hazards in petroleum industry?
1. Fire, 2. Explosion, 3. General hazards, 4. Frostbite
107. How to control the petroleum hazards
1. Proper design, operation and maintenance
2. Avoid leakage
3. Steel pressure cylinder
4. V***r release is to be directed away from heat sources
5. Wear goggles and SCBA sets
108. What are the causes of industrial accidents?
1. Inadequate skill, improper supervision etc.
2. Rapid industrialization
3. Expansion of exiting factories
4. Setting up new industries involving hazards not known earlier
109. What are the responsibility for workers for safety?
1. Report unsafe condition to supervisor
2. Do not operate the machine without knowing the operation
3. Before starting the machine, whether the machine is in condition not
4. Use correct tools
5. Follow the safety rules
6. Always do not horse play
7. Do not lift over load
8. Do not chit on at with others
110. What general precautions are necessary while driving?
1. Follow all traffic rules, signs and signals
2. Do not exceed the speed limit
3. Take ten minute break after every 2 hours on long driving
4. Drive in correct gear
5. Keep both hand on steering wheel
6. Do not drive if you are not filling well or feting sleep
7. Slow down while passing junctions, corners, crowded places and parking

111. What are cause of road accident?
1. Not following defensive arriving techniques
2. Not observing lane displine
3. Overtaking on turns or from wrong side
4. Not obey traffic signals
5. Poor road condition
6. Poor maintained vehicle
112. What are belongs to road safety?
1. The speed limits displayed along the road should be strictly
2. Short cuts and cutting across the corners should be avoid
3. No body should try to cross the level crossing when drop gates are closed
4. Signal given blocking the road ‘ stop’ look, listen and proceed should be followed.
113. What is factory act?
The factory act is a social enactment to achieve social reform and given liberal construction to achieve legislative.
114. What are main provision in the factory act?
Health, safety, welfare, hours of work, employment, person, occupational disease, special provision and penalties and procedures.
115. What the advantages of ventilation
1. It helps to reduce the chances of fire or explosion
2. It protects the occupational diseases
3. It provides comfort to the workmen
116. What the role of government in industrial safety?
The Govt. responsible for protection workers, consumers from dangers at work, on the road, in the air in the water, from air and water pollution etc.
117. How does the workers health influence ?
The workers health influences by occupational factors – physical, chemical, biological, social.
Non occupational factors – food, cloth, water, housing, smoking & alcohol etc.
118. How is audit conducted?
1. Preliminary visit and understanding the factory
2. Identify the audit element
3. Prepare the questionnaire
4. Get the reply from the company
5. Discussion with management, executives & workers.
6. Cross Verification at site
7. Preparation of report.
119 What are the procedures for work permit?
3 copies of the permit
At the work site.
In the permit file
On the permit board.
120. How many types of appliance
1. Safety appliance for PPE
2. Safety appliance for general protection
121. What are causes of accident of working at height (Personal)?
a. Lack of knowledge and skill
b. over work
c. Feeling of dizziness
d. Non usage of PPEs like safety belt cygnet
e. Unsafe platform (Not covered having floor openings)
f. Improper erecting
g. Unlearning work at height?