06/03/2026
https://zurl.co/gPmdB Mechanical insufflation raises intrathoracic and transpulmonary pressures, altering venous return and pulmonary vascular resistance. Pulse pressure variation predicts fluid responsiveness when applicable, but fails with spontaneous breathing, arrhythmias or tidal volume below 8 mL/kg. During weaning, negative inspiratory intrathoracic pressure can increase RV and LV afterload and trigger weaning-induced pulmonary oedema.