Amboseli ROAD Chemist

13/01/2019

CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES

1. Diseases of biological origin:
Diseases caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoans and worms are etiological factor. Disease caused by such organisms are commonly known as
infectious diseases or communicable diseases . For examples, cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae.

2. Social diseases:
these diseases are commonly known as human induced diseases because the diseases are introduced by the activities of either individual or the society. Social life style as well as the modern industrialised societies are particularly associated with diseases such as alcoholism, drug abuse, coronary heart disease, lung cancer, accidents, pollution related respiratory diseases etc.

3. Deficiency disease:
diseases caused due to absence of certain nutrients in diet. Absence of protein in diet causes kwashiorkor and marasmus. Similarly absence of vit. B1, vit.C and vit.D causes pellagra, scurvy and rickettsia respectively. Other examples of such deficiency diseases are goiter,

4. Genetic and conge***al diseases:
the diseases that are present before birth is known as conge***al diseases. Most of the genetic disorder or diseases are conge***al. Examples. Down’s syndrome, cystic fibrosis, colour blindness, hemophilia etc

5. Degenerative diseases and ageing: degeneration of body tissue can also causes diseases. As people aged, many tissue degenerate and lost their function partly or completely, resulting in disorder, for eg. Long sightedness in old is due to weakening of eye muscles. Other examples are arteriosclerosis, arthritis etc

6. Mental disorder:
it includes large group of diseases from anxiety and depression to schizophrenia.

01/10/2017

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Preventing unsafe abortion

Fact sheet
Updated September 2017

Key facts

Between 2010–2014:On average, 56 million induced (safe and unsafe) abortions occurred worldwide each year.There were 35 induced abortions per 1000 women aged between 15–44 years.25% of all pregnancies ended in an induced abortion.The rate of abortions was higher in developing regions than in developed regions.Around 25 million unsafe abortions were estimated to have taken place worldwide each year, almost all in developing countries (1).Among these, 8 million were carried out in the least- safe or dangerous conditionsOver half of all estimated unsafe abortions globally were in Asia3 out of 4 abortions that occurred in Africa and Latin America were unsafeThe risk of dying from an unsafe abortion was the highest in AfricaEach year between 4.7% – 13.2% of maternal deaths can be attributed to unsafe abortion (2).Around 7 million women are admitted to hospitals every year in developing countries, as a result of unsafe abortion (3).The annual cost of treating major complications from unsafe abortion is estimated at $553 million (4).Safe abortion must be provided or supported by a trained person using WHO recommended methods appropriate for the pregnancy duration.Almost every abortion death and disability could be prevented through sexuality education, use of effective contraception, provision of safe, legal induced abortion, and timely care for complications.

Abortions are safe if they are done with a method recommended by WHO that is appropriate to the pregnancy duration and if the person providing or supporting the abortion is trained. Such abortions can be done using tablets (medical abortion) or a simple outpatient procedure.

Unsafe abortion occurs when a pregnancy is terminated either by persons lacking the necessary skills or in an environment that does not conform to minimal medical standards, or both. The persons, skills and medical standards considered safe in the provision of induced abortions are different for medical abortion (which is performed with drugs alone), and surgical abortion (which is performed with a manual or electric aspirator). Skills and medical standards required for safe abortion also vary depending upon the duration of the pregnancy and evolving scientific advances.

They are less safe, when done using outdated methods like sharp curettage even if the provider is trained or if women using tablets do not have access to proper information or to a trained person if they need help.Abortions are dangerous or least safe when they involve ingestion of caustic substances or untrained persons use dangerous methods such as insertion of foreign bodies, or use of traditional concoctions.

Women, including adolescents, with unwanted pregnancies often resort to unsafe abortion when they cannot access safe abortion. Barriers to accessing safe abortion include:

restrictive lawspoor availability of serviceshigh coststigmaconscientious objection of health-care providers andunnecessary requirements, such as:mandatory waiting periodsmandatory counsellingprovision of misleading informationthird-party authorizationmedically unnecessary tests.

Scope of the problem

Based on data from 2010 -2014 there are approximately 25 million unsafe abortions annually. Of these one third or approximately 8 million were performed under the least safe conditions by untrained persons using dangerous and invasive methods. Unsafe abortions lead to an estimated 7 million complications (3).

In developed regions, it is estimated that 30 women die for every 100 000 unsafe abortions. That number rises to 220 deaths per 100 000 unsafe abortions in developing regions and 520 deaths per 100 000 unsafe abortions in sub-Saharan Africa.

Mortality from unsafe abortion disproportionately affects women in Africa. While the continent accounts for 29% of all unsafe abortions, it sees 62% of unsafe abortion-related deaths (1).

Who is at risk?

Any woman with an unwanted pregnancy who cannot access safe abortion is at risk of unsafe abortion. Women living in low-income countries and poor women are more likely to have an unsafe abortion. Deaths and injuries are higher when unsafe abortion is performed later in pregnancy. The rate of unsafe abortions is higher where access to effective contraception and safe abortion is limited or unavailable.

Complications of unsafe abortion requiring emergency care

Following unsafe abortion, women may experience a range of harms that affect their quality of life and well-being, with some women experiencing life-threatening complications. The major life-threatening complications resulting from the least safe abortions are haemorrhage, infection, and injury to the ge***al tract and internal organs. Unsafe abortions when performed under least safe conditions can lead to complications such as:

incomplete abortion (failure to remove or expel all of the pregnancy tissue from the uterus)haemorrhage (heavy bleeding)infectionuterine perforation (caused when the uterus is pierced by a sharp object)damage to the ge***al tract and internal organs by inserting dangerous objects such as sticks, knitting needles, or broken glass into the va**na or a**s.

Signs and symptoms

An accurate initial assessment is essential to ensure appropriate treatment and prompt referral for complications of unsafe abortion. The critical signs and symptoms of complications that require immediate attention include:

abnormal va**nal bleedingabdominal paininfectionshock (collapse of the circulatory system).

Complications of unsafe abortion can be difficult to diagnose. For example, a woman with an extra-uterine or ectopic pregnancy (abnormal development of a fertilized egg outside of the uterus) may have symptoms similar to those of incomplete abortion. It is essential, therefore, for health-care personnel to be prepared to make referrals and arrange transport to a facility where a definitive diagnosis can be made and appropriate care can be delivered quickly.

Treatment and care

Complications arising from unsafe abortions and their treatments include:

Haemorrhage: timely treatment of heavy blood loss is critical, as delays can be fatal.Infection: treatment with antibiotics along with evacuation of any remaining pregnancy tissue from the uterus as soon as possible.Injury to the ge***al tract and/or internal organs: if this is suspected, early referral to an appropriate level of health care is essential.

Access to treatment for abortion complications

Health-care providers are obligated to provide life-saving medical care to any woman who suffers abortion-related complications, including treatment of complications from unsafe abortion, regardless of the legal grounds for abortion. However, in some cases, treatment of abortion complications is administered only on the condition that the woman provides information about the person(s) who performed the illegal abortion.

The practice of extracting confessions from women seeking emergency medical care as a result of illegal abortion puts women's lives at risk. The legal requirement for doctors and other health-care personnel to report cases of women who have undergone abortion, delays care and increases the risks to women’s health and lives. UN human rights standards call on countries to provide immediate and unconditional treatment to anyone seeking emergency medical care (6) .

Prevention and control

Unsafe abortion can be prevented through:

comprehensive sexuality education;prevention of unintended pregnancy through use of effective contraception, including emergency contraception; andprovision of safe, legal abortion.

In addition, deaths and disability from unsafe abortion can be reduced through the timely provision of emergency treatment of complications.

Economic impact

In addition to the deaths and disabilities caused by unsafe abortion, there are major social and financial costs to women, families, communities, and health systems. In 2006, it was estimated that $553 million was spent treating serious consequences of unsafe abortion (4). An additional $375 million would be required to fully meet the unmet need for treatment of complications from unsafe abortion (4).

WHO response

Evidence-based resources

WHO provides global technical and policy guidance on the use of contraception to prevent unintended pregnancy, safe abortion, and treatment of complications from unsafe abortion. In 2012, WHO published updated technical and policy guidance on safe abortion. WHO recommendations for safe abortion can be found in the following publications:

Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systemsClinical practice handbook for safe abortionHealth worker roles in providing safe abortion care and post-abortion contraception (2015)

An interactive online database containing comprehensive information on the abortion laws, policies, health standards and guidelines for all countries is available at http://www.srhr.org/abortion-policies.

Technical support to countries

Upon request, WHO provides technical support to countries to adapt sexual and reproductive health guidelines to specific contexts and strengthen national policies and programmes related to contraception and safe abortion care.

The Global Abortion Policies Database is designed to strengthen global efforts to eliminate unsafe abortion

04/08/2017

WHO and UNICEF recommend:

early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth;exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life; andintroduction of nutritionally-adequate and safe complementary (solid) foods at 6 months together with continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond.

However, many infants and children do not receive optimal feeding. For example, only about 36% of infants aged 0–6 months worldwide were exclusively breastfed over the period of 2007-2014.

Recommendations have been refined to also address the needs for infants born to HIV-infected mothers. Antiretroviral drugs now allow these children to exclusively breastfeed until they are 6 months old and continue breastfeeding until at least 12 months of age with a significantly reduced risk of HIV transmission.

Breastfeeding

Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months has many benefits for the infant and mother. Chief among these is protection against gastrointestinal infections which is observed not only in developing but also industrialized countries. Early initiation of breastfeeding, within 1 hour of birth, protects the newborn from acquiring infections and reduces newborn mortality. The risk of mortality due to diarrhoea and other infections can increase in infants who are either partially breastfed or not breastfed at all.

Breast-milk is also an important source of energy and nutrients in children aged 6–23 months. It can provide half or more of a child’s energy needs between the ages of 6 and 12 months, and one third of energy needs between 12 and 24 months. Breast-milk is also a critical source of energy and nutrients during illness, and reduces mortality among children who are malnourished.

Children and adolescents who were breastfed as babies are less likely to be overweight or obese. Additionally, they perform better on intelligence tests and have higher school attendance. Breastfeeding is associated with higher income in adult life. Improving child development and reducing health costs results in economic gains for individual families as well as at the national level.(1)

Longer durations of breastfeeding also contribute to the health and well-being of mothers: it reduces the risk of ovarian and breast cancer and helps space pregnancies–exclusive breastfeeding of babies under 6 months has a hormonal effect which often induces a lack of menstruation. This is a natural (though not fail-safe) method of birth control known as the Lactation Amenorrhoea Method.

Mothers and families need to be supported for their children to be optimally breastfed. Actions that help protect, promote and support breastfeeding include:

adoption of policies such as the International Labour Organization’s "Maternity Protection Convention 183" and "Recommendation No. 191", which complements "Convention No. 183" by suggesting a longer duration of leave and higher benefits;adoption of the "International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes" and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly resolutions;implementation of the "Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding" specified in the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, including:skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby immediately after birth and initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of life;breastfeeding on demand (that is, as often as the child wants, day and night);rooming-in (allowing mothers and infants to remain together 24 hours a day);not giving babies additional food or drink, even water, unless medically necessary;provision of supportive health services with infant and young child feeding counselling during all contacts with caregivers and young children, such as during antenatal and postnatal care, well-child and sick child visits, and immunization; andcommunity support, including mother support groups and community-based health promotion and education activities.

Breastfeeding practices are highly responsive to supportive interventions, and the prevalence of exclusive and continued breastfeeding can be improved over the course of a few years.

Complementary feeding

Around the age of 6 months, an infant’s need for energy and nutrients starts to exceed what is provided by breast milk, and complementary foods are necessary to meet those needs. An infant of this age is also developmentally ready for other foods. If complementary foods are not introduced around the age of 6 months, or if they are given inappropriately, an infant’s growth may falter. Guiding principles for appropriate complementary feeding are:

continue frequent, on-demand breastfeeding until 2 years of age or beyond;practise responsive feeding (for example, feed infants directly and assist older children. Feed slowly and patiently, encourage them to eat but do not force them, talk to the child and maintain eye contact);practise good hygiene and proper food handling;start at 6 months with small amounts of food and increase gradually as the child gets older;gradually increase food consistency and variety;increase the number of times that the child is fed: 2–3 meals per day for infants 6–8 months of age and 3–4 meals per day for infants 9–23 months of age, with 1–2 additional snacks as required;use fortified complementary foods or vitamin-mineral supplements as needed; andduring illness, increase fluid intake including more breastfeeding, and offer soft, favourite foods.

Feeding in exceptionally difficult circumstances

Families and children in difficult circumstances require special attention and practical support. Wherever possible, mothers and babies should remain together and get the support they need to exercise the most appropriate feeding option available. Breastfeeding remains the preferred mode of infant feeding in almost all difficult situations, for instance:

low-birth-weight or premature infants;mothers living with HIV in settings where mortality due to diarrhoea, pneumonia and malnutrition remain prevalent;adolescent mothers;infants and young children who are malnourished; andfamilies suffering the consequences of complex emergencies.

HIV and infant feeding

Breastfeeding, and especially early and exclusive breastfeeding, is one of the most significant ways to improve infant survival rates. While HIV can pass from a mother to her child during pregnancy, labour or delivery, and also through breast-milk, the evidence on HIV and infant feeding shows that giving antiretroviral treatment (ART) to mothers living with HIV significantly reduces the risk of transmission through breastfeeding and also improves her health.

WHO now recommends that all people living with HIV, including pregnant women and lactating mothers living with HIV, take ART for life from when they first learn their infection status.

Mothers living in settings where morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea, pneumonia and malnutrition are prevalent and national health authorities endorse breastfeeding should exclusively breastfeed their babies for 6 months, then introduce appropriate complementary foods and continue breastfeeding up to at least the child’s first birthday.

Questions and answers on HIV and infant feeding

WHO's response

WHO is committed to supporting countries with implementation and monitoring of the "Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition", endorsed by Member States in May 2012. The plan includes 6 targets, one of which is to increase, by 2025, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months up to at least 50%. Activities that will help to achieve this include those outlined in the "Global strategy for infant and young child feeding", which aims to protect, promote and support appropriate infant and young child feeding.

UNICEF and WHO created the Global Breastfeeding Collective to rally political, legal, financial, and public support for breastfeeding. The Collective brings together implementers and donors from governments, philanthropies, international organizations, and civil society. The Collective’s vision is a world in which all mothers have the technical, financial, emotional, and public support they need to breastfeed.

WHO has formed the Network for Global Monitoring and Support for Implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and Subsequent Relevant World Health Assembly Resolutions, also known as NetCode. The goal of NetCode is to protect and promote breastfeeding by ensuring that breastmilk substitutes are not marketed inappropriately. Specifically, NetCode is building the capacity of Member States and civil society to strengthen national Code legislation, continuously monitor adherence to the Code, and take action to stop all violations.

In addition, WHO and UNICEF have developed courses for training health workers to provide skilled support to breastfeeding mothers, help them overcome problems, and monitor the growth of children, so they can identify early the risk of undernutrition or overweight/obesity.

WHO provides simple, coherent and feasible guidance to countries for promoting and supporting improved infant feeding by HIV-infected mothers to prevent mother-to-child transmission, good nutrition of the baby, and protect the health of the mother.

18/06/2017

GINGER

This super healthy plant originates from China. But now, people from around the world use this amazing and super healthy root. Ginger is usually used as a spice on different dishes and meals. In many countries in the world, people also use it for medicinal properties and uses. Yes, people have been using this incredible plant for a long time, and in case you didn’t know its health benefits, we will mention them in the article bellow:

Fights cancer cells
A recent study, conducted by group of researchers at the UMCCC – University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, has found that ginger’s compound was able to efficiently destroy ovarian cancer cells. Ginger’s speed in destroying cancer cells is faster and safer, compare with the platinum based chemotherapy drugs that are prescribed to ovarian cancer patients. Medical experts also claim that people who consume ginger rhizomes have lower levels of a colon and intestine inflammation, and they reduce the risk of getting colon cancer.

Reduces inflammation
Ginger contains high amounts of the super healthy compound – gingerol. Gingerol makes it a beneficial tool in fighting many different health conditions, related to cell inflammation. A research that was carried out on patients who were suffering from arthritis and muscular pains both demonstrated significant outcomes in pain relief and muscle swelling. We can also mention that ginger is also very useful and highly beneficial for patients who are experiencing diseases that are caused by cell inflammation – obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, etc.

Stops acid reflux
A recent study, published in the famous journal Molecular Research and Food Nutrition, has demonstrated that the researchers who contrasted certain ginger compounds to those of acid blocker drugs and came to an end that the ginger compounds worked six times better than the drug. This type of acid blocker drug could destroy the stomach acid barrier, which will expand the danger of getting ulcers or even stomach cancer. All you have to do is add some ginger to your meals or make a ginger tea. It will help you get rid of acid reflux instantly.

Prevents morning sickness
Note: it’s highly recommended for all future mothers to consult their doctor before using any type of herb or medication. Well, some women have said that ginger helped them to reduce nausea and vomiting. So, the daily dose is usually prescribed as tablets of 200 mg every 4 hours.

Alleviates a cough and sooths a sore throat
People use ginger to make the best and most effective home remedies for cough and sore throats. All you have to do is boil some water with some ginger slices, add lemon and honey and there you go – you have the best home remedy for soothing sore throat and clearing nasal congestion.

Improves digestion and also stops flatulence
Well, we can easily say that one of the most effective herbs for calming upset stomach is the amazing ginger. Here’s what you need to do if you want to calm your stomach – boil slices of ginger for few minutes and add some honey in it. And, when it comes to flatulence, doctors usually prescribe doses of 250 to 500 mg up to 3 times every day.

Relives headache
Do you want the best homemade remedy for treating the terrible and annoying migraine? Well, all you have to do is mix some ginger, cayenne pepper and add some peppermint in t. Here’s what you need to do – in boiling water you need to add 1 tsp. of cayenne pepper and 1 tsp. of dried peppermint. Then, you need to add slices of ginger and let it simmer for 5 minutes, to make this drink even more powerful! Note: don’t add sugar. It’s highly recommended that you only add raw honey or some stevia. And here’s a more traditional ginger method for treating migraines – add 1 tsp. of ginger powder in a small amount of water and make a paste out of it. Then, you need to apply this paste on your forehead. It will help you get rid of migraines instantly!

Soothes a toothache
People use ginger for soothing toothaches as well. This is because of the ginger’s pain relieving properties. People used this method for generations – all you have to do is rub raw ginger onto your gums, and your pain will be gone. Or, you can also boil water with some ginger in it, let it cool of and use it as a mouthwash. This method is also extremely effective as well.

Stimulates blood circulation
Here’s how to make a home remedy to improve blood circulation – put 50 grams of grated ginger rhizomes in a piece of cloth, then, you need to squeeze the juice in a basin containing 4 to 5 liters of hot water and then apply it on the affected area. This home remedy will show you how to make ginger compress in order to dissolve the accumulated toxins in your body.

Other health benefits of ginger:

– Doctors strongly advice that patients who recently had an operation should chew on a piece of ginger in order to prevent nausea and vomiting
– You should chew on a piece of ginger right before you eat, because the ginger will increase your appetite and it will activate the digestive juices
– People who are experiencing any muscle strains, especially athletes, are strongly advised to combine the ginger paste with turmeric and use this mixture to rub on the affected area. You should use this paste at least 2 times every day.
– The doctor’s strongly advise their diabetic patients to drink a glass of ginger water in the morning before they eat breakfast. It’s because ginger water will help them stabilize the glucose levels in their blood.

07/06/2017

ALCOHOL POISONING

Alcohol poisoning is a serious — and sometimes deadly — consequence of drinking large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time. Drinking too much too quickly can affect your breathing, heart rate, body temperature and gag reflex and potentially lead to coma and death.

Alcohol poisoning can also occur when adults or children accidentally or intentionally drink household products that contain alcohol.

A person with alcohol poisoning needs immediate medical attention. If you suspect someone has alcohol poisoning, call for emergency medical help right away.

SYMPTOMS

Alcohol poisoning signs and symptoms include:

Confusion
Vomiting
Seizures
Slow breathing (less than eight breaths a minute)
Irregular breathing (a gap of more than 10 seconds between breaths)
Blue-tinged skin or pale skin
Low body temperature (hypothermia)
Passing out (unconsciousness) and can't be awakened
It's not necessary to have all these signs and symptoms before you seek help. A person who is unconscious or can't be awakened is at risk of dying.

When to see a doctor

If you suspect that someone has alcohol poisoning — even if you don't see the classic signs and symptoms — seek immediate medical care.

Alcohol poisoning is an emergency

If you're with someone who has been drinking a lot of alcohol and you see any of the signs or symptoms above, here's what to do:

Call your local emergency number immediately. Never assume that a person will sleep off alcohol poisoning.
Be prepared to provide information. If you know, be sure to tell hospital or emergency personnel the kind and amount of alcohol the person drank, and when.
Don't leave an unconscious person alone. Because alcohol poisoning affects the way your gag reflex works, someone with alcohol poisoning may choke on his or her own vomit and not be able to breathe. While waiting for help, don't try to make the person vomit because he or she could choke.
Help a person who is vomiting. Try to keep him or her sitting up. If the person must lie down, make sure to turn his or her head to the side — this helps prevent choking. Try to keep the person awake to prevent loss of consciousness.
Don't be afraid to get help

It can be difficult to decide if you think someone is drunk enough to warrant medical intervention, but it's best to err on the side of caution. You may worry about the consequences for yourself or your friend or loved one, particularly if you're underage. But the consequences of not getting the right help in time can be far more serious.

CAUSES

Alcohol in the form of ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is found in alcoholic beverages, mouthwash, cooking extracts, some medications and certain household products. Ethyl alcohol poisoning generally results from drinking too many alcoholic beverages, especially in a short period of time.

Other forms of alcohol — including isopropyl alcohol (found in rubbing alcohol, lotions and some cleaning products) and methanol or ethylene glycol (a common ingredient in antifreeze, paints and solvents) — can cause another type of toxic poisoning that requires emergency treatment.

Binge drinking

A major cause of alcohol poisoning is binge drinking — a pattern of heavy drinking when a male rapidly consumes five or more alcoholic drinks within two hours, or a female downs at least four drinks within two hours. An alcohol binge can occur over hours or last up to several days.

You can consume a fatal dose before you pass out. Even when you're unconscious or you've stopped drinking, alcohol continues to be released from your stomach and intestines into your bloodstream, and the level of alcohol in your body continues to rise.

How much is too much?

Unlike food, which can take hours to digest, alcohol is absorbed quickly by your body — long before most other nutrients. And it takes a lot more time for your body to get rid of the alcohol you've consumed.

Most alcohol is processed by your liver, and in general, it takes about one hour for your liver to process (metabolize) the alcohol in one drink.

One drink is defined as:

12 ounces (355 milliliters) of regular beer (about 5 percent alcohol)
8 to 9 ounces (237 to 266 milliliters) of malt liquor (about 7 percent alcohol)
5 ounces (148 milliliters) of wine (about 12 percent alcohol)
1.5 ounces (44 milliliters) of 80-proof hard liquor (about 40 percent alcohol)
Mixed drinks may contain more than one serving of alcohol and take even longer to metabolize.

RISK FACTORS

A number of factors can increase your risk of alcohol poisoning, including:

Your size and weight
Your overall health
Whether you've eaten recently
Whether you're combining alcohol with other drugs
The percentage of alcohol in your drinks
The rate and amount of alcohol consumption
Your tolerance level
COMPLICATIONS

Severe complications can result from alcohol poisoning, including:

Choking. Alcohol may cause vomiting. Because it depresses your gag reflex, this increases the risk of choking on vomit if you've passed out.
Stopping breathing. Accidentally inhaling vomit into your lungs can lead to a dangerous or fatal interruption of breathing (asphyxiation).
Severe dehydration. Vomiting can result in severe dehydration, leading to dangerously low blood pressure and fast heart rate.
Seizures. Your blood sugar level may drop low enough to cause seizures.
Hypothermia. Your body temperature may drop so low that it leads to cardiac arrest.
Brain damage. Heavy drinking may cause irreversible brain damage.
Death. Any of the issues above can lead to death.
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS

In addition to checking for visible signs and symptoms of alcohol poisoning, your doctor will likely order blood and urine tests to check blood alcohol levels and identify other signs of alcohol toxicity, such as low blood sugar.

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS

Alcohol poisoning treatment usually involves supportive care while your body rids itself of the alcohol. This typically includes:

Careful monitoring
Prevention of breathing or choking problems
Oxygen therapy
Fluids given through a vein (intravenously) to prevent dehydration
Use of vitamins and glucose to help prevent serious complications of alcohol poisoning
Adults and children who have accidentally consumed methanol or isopropyl alcohol may need hemodialysis — a mechanical way of filtering waste and toxins from your system — to speed the removal of alcohol from their bloodstream.

LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES

To avoid alcohol poisoning:

Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. If you choose to drink alcohol, do so in moderation. For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women of all ages and men older than age 65, and up to two drinks a day for men age 65 and younger. When you do drink, enjoy your drink slowly.
Don't drink on an empty stomach. Having some food in your stomach may slow alcohol absorption somewhat, although it won't prevent alcohol poisoning if, for example, you're binge drinking.
Communicate with your teens. Talk to your teenagers about the dangers of alcohol, including binge drinking. Evidence suggests that children who are warned about alcohol by their parents and who report close relationships with their parents are less likely to start drinking.
Store products safely. If you have small children, store alcohol-containing products, including cosmetics, mouthwashes and medications, out of their reach. Use child-proof bathroom and kitchen cabinets to prevent access to household cleaners, and keep toxic items in your garage or storage area safely out of reach. Consider keeping alcoholic beverages under lock and key.
Get follow-up care. If you or your teen has been treated for alcohol poisoning, be sure to ask about follow-up care. Meeting with a health professional, particularly an experienced chemical dependency professional, can help you prevent future binge drinking.