12/03/2026
Hypothermia in livestock:
A silent but deadly threat
Hypothermia occurs when an animal’s body temperature drops below normal levels, leading to failure of vital body functions. If not recognized and managed early, it can quickly become fatal in livestock.
Although commonly discussed in young goats and lambs, hypothermia can affect all livestock species, including cattle, sheep, pigs and calves particularly during cold, wet and chilly conditions.
Common causes
✓.Exposure to cold, wet and windy weather
✓. Poor shelter or inadequate housing
✓. Weakness, illness, or malnutrition
✓. Newborn animals failing to dry quickly after birth
✓. Stress or toxic conditions affecting body metabolism
Clinical signs to watch for
✓. Early detection can save lives. Signs may include:
✓. Shivering or trembling
✓. Weakness and reluctance to stand
✓. Cold ears, limbs, or muzzle
✓. Pale mucous membranes
✓. Reduced appetite to off feed
✓. Confusion or lethargy
In severe cases, shivering may stop, muscles become rigid, breathing slows and the animal may collapse as vital organs begin to fail.
Immediate management
When hypothermia is suspected:
— Move the animal to a dry, sheltered environment
— Gradually warm the body
— Dry wet animals immediately
— Seek veterinary attention for severe cases
Importantly, animals with dangerously low temperatures should not be force-fed orally until their body temperature stabilizes, as the digestive system may not function properly.
Preventive management is key:
✓. Provide adequate shelter from wind and rain
✓. Ensure dry bedding
✓. Maintain good nutrition and energy intake
✓. Monitor newborn and weak animals closely
🩺 Take-home message:
Hypothermia is often underestimated in livestock, yet it can progress rapidly and lead to death if not addressed promptly. Early recognition and proper management can save valuable animals and prevent losses on the farm.
🖋️. AB Veterinary Services