02/04/2021
20 Things You Didn’t Know About Garcinia Cambogia
A supplement produced from an exotic fruit, garcinia cambogia, is the latest weight-loss craze. But the Internet and television are filled with misinformation and hype.
Let’s take a look at facts about garcinia cambogia.
1. Garcinia has been used for centuries in Asian countries for culinary purposes as a condiment and flavoring agent in place of tamarind or lemon and to make meals more filling. Besides its use as a flavouring agent, the dried rind of G. cambogia combined with salt and other organic acids can help to lower the pH and thus provides a bacteriostatic effect in curing fish.
2. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the seeds have a 30 percent fat content. The seeds are sometimes used as a substitute for ghee, clarified butter that’s a common ingredient in Indian food.
3. The Garcinia Fruit have several types of organic acids such as HCA, citric, tartaric, malic, and succinic acids and among others.
4. A myriad of health claims have been attributed to Garcinia (as a fruit) such as antiobesity effects, antiulcerogenic, antioxidative , antidiabetes , antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory , and anticancer effects .
5. Botanical dietary supplements usually contain a complex mixture of phytochemicals which have additive or synergistic interactions. Garcinia extract has been used in the traditional Ayurvedic medical system. A decoction of G. cambogia is given as purgative in the treatment of intestinal worms and other parasites, for bilious digestive conditions, for dysentery, rheumatism, and in the treatment of tumours. Less commonly, extracts are employed as cardiotonics to treat angina.
In veterinary medicine, it is used as a rinse for diseases of the mouth in cattle. The fruit rind is used in rickets and enlargement of spleen and to heal bone fractures. In Southeast Asian folkloric medicine, a decoction of Garcinia (leaves and roots) is sometimes used for the treatment of cough, dandruff, earache, stomach pains associated with pregnancy, and throat irritation.
The dried fruit of Garcinia is used for improving blood circulation, for the treatment of coughs, as a laxative, and as a expectorant. The fruit is used in a lotion with vinegar to rub over the abdomen of women after confinement. Fruit of Garcinia is antiscorbutic, cholagogue, cooling, antibilious, emollient, and demulcent. The anthelmintic properties of the fruit of Garcinia contributed to its use in haemorrhoids, dysentery, tumor, pains, and heart complaints. Bilious affected sites are treated with syrup from the fruit juice. Kokum butter is astringent and demulcent and is used in diarrhea and dysentery. It is also applied externally for ulcerations, sinuses, fissures of hand, lip, chapped skin, and skin diseases.
6. In particular, the antiobesity effects of Garcinia or more specifically of its HCA content have been elucidated with unprecedented clarity over the last few decades. Besides its efficacy in the reduction of body weight and food intake, Garcinia/HCA has been proven to be beneficial in ameliorating obesity-related complications such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. The results obtained from several studies supported the positive effects of HCA administration alone on body weight loss, reduced food intake, increased fat oxidation, or energy expenditure
7. Researches proved that the antiobesity effects of G. cambogia/HCA resulted from the combined actions of several mechanisms including suppressing de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and appétit, and increasing energy expenditure and subsequently reducing body fat accumulation and weight.
8. Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) Regulation and Food Intake Suppression
HCA, the primary acid in the fruit rinds of G. cambogia has been reported as the active ingredient in inhibiting ATP citrate lyase. ATP citrate lyase, which is an extramitochondrial enzyme catalyzing the cleavage of citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, was inhibited by HCA. Thus, the availability of two-carbon units required for the initial steps of fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis during carbohydrate feeding was limited. As a result, the consumed carbon source was diverted to glycogen synthesis in liver. A signal was then sent to the brain due to this metabolic alteration, resulting in rising of serotonin level concomitant with a reduced appetite.
HCA might exhibit its anorectic effect by a second possible mechanism, namely, reducing acetyl CoA, subsequently decreasing malonyl CoA levels and thereby reducing negative feedback on carnitine acyltransferase (CPT-1). The substrate of CPT-1, long-chain acyl CoA(s), may act as a mediator(s) of appetite. More recently, neuropeptide Y (NPY) had also been implicated in the appetite suppression of HCA. Basal concentration of the neurotransmitter was claimed to be significantly reduced in the hypothalamic tissues as a result of supplementation with HCA.
9. Decreased De Novo Lipogenesis
The reduction of the acetyl-CoA by HCA and thus limiting the availability of building blocks required for fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis has led to suggestions that HCA inhibited lipogenesis. Several studies conducted by Sullivan and colleagues had confirmed the inhibition of in vivo and in vitro rates of lipogenesis in several tissues reported to convert carbohydrate into fatty acids (such as liver, adipose tissue, and small intestine), in which HCA was predominantly given to rodent models.
10. Increased Fat Oxidation
Ishihara et al. conducted a study on acute and chronic effects of HCA on energy metabolism. Acute administration of 10 mg/100 μL of a 0.48 mol/L HCA solution per mice significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum free fatty acid levels and concentration of glycogen in the gastrocnemius muscle. Thus, the authors therefore suggested that chronic administration of HCA augmented the endurance exercise performance in mice via the attenuation of glycogen consumption caused by the promotion of lipid oxidation during running exercise.
In addition, Lim et al. also showed that short-term administration of HCA increased fat oxidation during exercise in athletes and in untrained women. Lim et al. conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled study where subjects (athletes) consumed HCA (250 mg) or placebo for 5 days, after each time performing cycle ergometer exercise at 60% VO2 max for 60 min followed by 80% VO2 max until exhaustion. The results obtained showed that the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was significantly lower in the HCA trial than in the control trial (P < 0.05).
Fat oxidation was significantly increased by short-term administration of HCA, and carbohydrate oxidation was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) during exercise in athletes. In a continuation of their study, Lim et al. conducted a similar study to evaluate the effects of HCA administration on fat oxidation during exercise in untrained women. The results showed that HCA decreased the RER and carbohydrate oxidation during 1 hour of exercise. In addition, exercise time to exhaustion was significantly enhanced
11. Hayamizu et al. conducted a crossover design randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the “no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)” of G. cambogia extract in 44 healthy volunteers (22 males and 22 females) and concluded that G. cambogia is generally safe to be consumed. Thus, there are many scientific evidence that intake of HCA alone did not produce adverse effects and a dietary dosage of up to 2800 mg/day was regarded as the “no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)” of HCA in human.
Many diet supplements containing Garcinia/HCA marketed as weight management products are the combination of active ingredients rather than containing a single agent. The awareness of the safety and efficacy of the other combined active ingredients in weight management supplements available in the market should be raised among health care providers in order to assist their patients in analyzing the risks and benefits of the same.
12. Hydroxycut. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a consumer warning in 2009 cautioning consumers to immediately stop using Hydroxycut products after reports of jaundice and extreme liver damage in people who used Hydroxycut surfaced. Other health problems associated with Hydroxycut included seizures, cardiovascular disorders, and rhabdomyolysis. However, because Hydroxycut contains many ingredients including Garcinia Cambogia, it’s difficult to pinpoint the cause.
13. Garcinia cambogia is available in capsules, tablets, powders, and liquids. Capsules should be taken on an empty stomach, 30 minutes to an hour before a meal.
14. According to ConsumerLab.com
, many garcinia cambogia supplements don’t contain the amount of garcinia cambogia listed on the label. Instead, they found the doses were either too low or too high. If you take the capsules, buy a reputable brand and make sure they contain at least 50 percent HCA.
15. Most garcinia cambogia supplements also contain other ingredients, some of which might not be listed. Buy Garcinia Cambogia supplement which has hydroxycitric acid (HCA) of at least 50% to 60% as the only ingredient with nothing else added, No binder, No fillers, No preservatives like Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide , Colors and Flavors and among others.
Avoid the consumption of Garcinia supplement of 70% and above HCA as this may damage your kidney. Also, avoid Garcinia supplement (above 300 mgs per serving) which has other added ingredients like Green Tea Extract, Guggul extract, Guarana extract and among others along as this can lead to serious side effects and health damages. Hydroxycut is an example of a blend of various ingredients including Garcinia Cambogia which caused life threatening side effects and had to be removed from the market.
Thus, it is advisable to stop your consumption if Garcinia Cambogia Extract if ever found that it contain added ingredients Green Tea Extract, Guggul extract etc in order for you not to run the risk having serious side effects in the near future. Your Garcinia Cambogia supplement hydroxycitric acid (HCA) between 50 % to 60 % only and nothing else.
16. When it comes to a recommended dose, most sources provide the recommended dose of HCA rather than garcinia cambogia itself. According to ConsumerLab.com
, the recommended dose of garcinia cambogia is 900 mg to 1,500 mg of HCA a day. This is consistent with doses used in a number of studies.
17. It isn’t known if garcinia cambogia is safe during pregnancy or while you’re breastfeeding, so it’s best to discontinue use of the supplement during these times.
18. Garcinia cambogia may cause a decrease in blood sugar levels. People who have diabetes should discuss this with their doctor before taking the supplement.
19. People with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia shouldn’t take garcinia cambogia because it increases acetylcholine levels in the brain. Many people with these conditions are given medicationsTrusted Source to alter the breakdown of acetylcholine.
20. Garcinia cambogia may interfere with the following medications and supplements: iron, potassium, calcium, antidepressants, statins, montelukast (Singulair), and warfarin (Coumadin).
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