12/05/2023
GOING DOWNHILL REGULARLY WILL HURT YOUR JOINTS AND ACCELERATE DEGENERATION!
Not reallyyy.. no if done responsibly with adequate knowledge. Please appreciate and value the downhill portion of your hike. Having started my own training going up hills and mountains in recent years, encountering fellow hikers and mountaineers, I can't help but realise the stigma regarding going downhill. Popular misconceptions include impact from going downhill will cause damage to joints.
Going downhill can really improve muscle strength and improve stability. And yes ofcourse it's true that it can also cause injuries if our muscles and joints are not ready for the additional stress. So how do we reap the benefits of going downhill and minimise the disadvantages? How is going downhill good? Okay brief and simple answer...
Mainly 2 types of muscle contraction during hiking, 2 terms called CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION and ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION. Walking downhill is ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION. Means the muscles on the front of your thigh (quadriceps) contract eccentrically, which means they’re working as the fibers lengthen. One very important component for hikers, built-in natural suspension for joints just like your car.
And guess between concentric contraction and eccentric contraction, which would generate more force??? Yes, eccentric contraction! Eccentric contraction generate more force, place more load on tissues muscles and joints. So how does this help??? Why more load and stress good?
Wolff’s Law states that tissues respond and adapt to forces placed on them, so by walking downhill, which increases the forces placed on joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and bone, you are forcing them to respond by remodeling and becoming stronger. Same reason why if we don't exercise for a prolong period of time we get weaker.
Ofcourse going downhill will still hurt if our joints are not prepared for it. We will feel the stress and pain or discomfort. There's more angular gravitational force, ACL needs to work hard, muscles around the knee joint needs to work hard, shearing forces on meniscus our knee shock absorber might irritate the joint further, so many issues to consider. But no don't try to stabilise and secure the joint further using knee guards, wrong approach.
So what approach?
1) Start slowly
If you are not in shape or not used to walking downhill, start with flat walking, then move to slope walking upslope downslope as oppose to uphill downhill. Proceed to walking downhill slowly and limiting the distance. Then, gradually increase the speed and duration to avoid tissue overload and damage.
2)Strengthen to secure and stabilise
The stronger your muscles are, the more force or workload they can absorb, so your joints don't feel like they are beaten to death.
Bodyweight exercises to strengthen the back, knee, and pelvic and ankle stabilising muscles like the calf is a great way to improve your condition for downhill walking. So ya hiking is not something that can be done without other gym work. Do other stuff also, make life more interesting.
3) Stretch regularly
Please remember to stretch regularly, you can't be strengthening all the time without paying attention to the quality of the range of movement, check and monitor the range of hip, ankle and knee movement. Make sure muscles are soft and comfortable. Stretch whenever you can.
4) Variety helps
Hike up hike down, slow jogs, HIIT, weight training and stretches. They complement each other.. meaning jogs, HIIT, weight training and stretches does actually play a role in making hiking beneficial..
Enjoy!
Terrence
Your neighbourhood osteopath