09/12/2023
⭐视力保健很重要但你对眼睛的了解有多少❓
⭐为啥大家都这么重视视力？因为视力是指视网膜分辨影像的能力，人类的视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉、触觉这五官感受中，视觉对信息的获取超过其他四个总和。
⭐那么，人是怎样用眼睛和大脑产生视觉的？近视的发生发展过程是怎样的？我们应该从哪些方面着手保护视力？
⭐人类80%的知识记忆通过眼睛获得；因此，如果双眼视力丧失，它对人的生命质量，他对外界的感知、他的学习等等造成的损失是不可低估的。
⭐本期我们解读视觉的相关科学奥秘。
PART 1❗❗
PART 2
B
从正视到近视
痉挛+不放松=失衡
💗明白了眼睛和大脑感知图像的原理后，我们再来聊聊近视问题。
人类眼睛的发育，其实是从远视开始的。新生儿的眼球小，眼轴也短，都是“远视”状态。随着生长发育，眼睛的生理结构渐渐成熟，视力也逐渐趋于正常，要经历远视、正视、停的过程，如果刹不住车，就会继续过度发育形成近视。
💗所以，当身高长最快的时候，也是近视预防的“关键期”。而在中学时期，同学们开始大量的近距离阅读，户外活动减少，成为近视发生发展的“重灾区”。近视的严重程度也是循序渐进的，大概分以下三步走：
💗最初，眼睛还没有出现轴性过长，但如果近距离用眼时间长、负荷重，导致睫状肌持续收缩痉挛，晶状体不能放松，调节失衡。就像“弹簧”，用眼过度使睫状肌这个“弹簧”绷太紧，“弹簧”弹性会变差，看远时也无法放松，就是俗称的假性近视。
💗接着，眼睛轴性增长，即使在睫状肌完全放松情况下，光线仍然只能聚焦在视网膜前，眼睛就从假性近视变成了真性近视。
💗更进一步，轴性增长加剧，就从近视变成了高度近视。由于眼轴增长过长，会导致视网膜和脉络膜变薄，出现眼底并发症。
💗具体防控行动上，最重要的一点是做到早发现早干预。如果出现了眯眼、频繁眨眼、揉眼等症状，及时到正规医疗机构检查视力和验光，从三岁起，在成年前，建议3~6个月检查一次。
💗一旦确诊近视，就要选择配戴合适的眼镜，因为近视眼是不可逆的，就像个子长高不会变矮，眼轴变长了也不会再缩短。
💗此外，有一部分同学是“假性近视”，不需要配戴眼镜。真或假怎么区分呢？最有效的方法是进行睫状肌麻痹后的验光，也就是“散瞳验光”。
💗科学研究表明，最好每天到户外阳光下活动2小时，可以有效预防近视的发生发展。与户外活动相比，室内活动并不能明显起到预防儿童近视的效果❗
#视力保健
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⭐Vision care is important, but how much do you know about your eyes❓
⭐Why does everyone pay so much attention to vision? Because vision refers to the ability of the retina to distinguish images. Among the five senses of human vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch, vision acquires more information than the other four combined.
⭐So, how do people use their eyes and brain to produce vision? What is the development process of myopia? Where should we start to protect our eyesight?
⭐80% of human knowledge and memory are obtained through the eyes; therefore, if binocular vision is lost, the damage it will cause to a person's quality of life, his perception of the outside world, his learning, etc. cannot be underestimated.
⭐In this issue, we interpret the scientific mysteries related to vision.
PART 1❗❗
PART 2
B
From emmetropia to myopia
Cramps + lack of relaxation = imbalance
💗After understanding the principle of how the eyes and brain perceive images, let’s talk about myopia.
The development of human eyes actually begins with hyperopia. Newborns have small eyeballs and short axial length, which results in "hyperopia". With growth and development, the physiological structure of the eyes gradually matures, and the vision gradually becomes normal. It has to go through the process of farsightedness, emmetropia, and stop. If the car cannot be stopped, it will continue to develop excessively and form myopia.
💗So, when height grows fastest, it is also the "critical period" for myopia prevention. In middle school, students began to read a lot at close range, and outdoor activities decreased, becoming the "hardest hit area" for the development of myopia. The severity of myopia is also gradual, and it can be divided into the following three steps:
💗Initially, the eye does not appear to be axially elongated, but if the eye is used at close range for a long time and the load is heavy, the ciliary muscle will continue to contract and spasm, the lens cannot relax, and the adjustment is imbalanced. Just like a "spring", excessive use of the eyes makes the "spring" of the ciliary muscle too tight. The elasticity of the "spring" will become worse and it will not be able to relax when looking far away. This is commonly known as pseudomyopia.
💗Then, the eye grows axially. Even when the ciliary muscle is completely relaxed, the light can still only focus in front of the retina, and the eye changes from pseudomyopia to true myopia.
💗Furthermore, as the axial growth intensifies, it changes from myopia to high myopia. Excessive growth of the axial length of the eye can lead to thinning of the retina and choroid, leading to fundus complications.
💗In terms of specific prevention and control actions, the most important thing is to achieve early detection and early intervention. If symptoms such as squinting, frequent blinking, and eye rubbing occur, go to a regular medical institution to check your vision and optometry in time. Starting from the age of three, and until adulthood, it is recommended to check once every 3 to 6 months.
💗Once myopia is diagnosed, you must choose to wear suitable glasses, because myopia is irreversible, just like a person grows taller and will not become shorter, and the axial length of the eye will not shorten.
💗In addition, some students have "pseudomyopia" and do not need to wear glasses. How to distinguish between true and false? The most effective method is to perform post-cycloplegic refraction, also known as "mydriatic refraction."
💗Scientific research shows that it is best to go outdoors in the sun for 2 hours a day to effectively prevent the occurrence and development of myopia. Compared with outdoor activities, indoor activities have no obvious effect in preventing children’s myopia❗
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