23/07/2025
MENSTRUAL DISORDERS
1. Menorrhagia (heavy blood loss): This is the complain of heavy cyclical menstrual blood loss once in several conservative cycles. It is defined as blood loss greater than 80m/l per period.
Causes of menorrhagia
1. Idiopathic (the cause is unknown)
2. Fibroids
3. Endometriosis
4. Coagulation disorders (blood clot disorder)
5. Progestin only contraceptives
6. Endometrical polyps
7. Pelvic inflammatory disease.
2. Dysmenorrhea: This means painful menstruation, it is usually felt at the lower abdomen. It may be classified as primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea has no pelvic pathology, secondary dysmenorrhea has underlying pelvic pathology. example PID, endometriosis, uterine fibroids.
3. Amenorrhea: Is defined as absence of menstruation, may be due to pregnancy, chronic illness or other health related conditions. It can be primary and secondary amenorrhea.
a) primary amenorrhea: is the absence of onset of menstruation in a girl of 16yrs with normal secondary characteristics or absence of me**es in a girl of 14yrs with failure of development of secondary characteristics
b) secondary amenorrhea: is the absence of me**es for more than 6month in a woman who had previously regular me**es without pregnancy.
Causes of amenorrhea
1. Idiopathic
2. Weight loss
3. Hyperproteinemia
4. Endocrine disorder
5. Premature ovarian failure
6. Chronic illness
7. HIV/AIDS
8. Psychological distress.
4. Ovulatory pain/bleeding: pains experienced during ovulation or some spot of blood during ovulation
5. Epimenorrhoea: me**es occuring at least more frequent intervals instead of 28 days. It may occur at 14 days or 21 days.
6. Oligomenorrhea: infrequent menstruation or scanty menstruation
7. Irregular menstruation: is that which is not following a definite or near definite cycle
