09/02/2026
Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is a long-term medical condition in which the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood becomes too high. This happens when the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin properly.
Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that helps glucose enter body cells to be used for energy.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
The body does not produce insulin
Usually begins in children or young adults
Requires daily insulin injections
Type 2 Diabetes (most common)
The body does not use insulin well or doesn’t make enough
Common in adults, but now seen in young people
Often linked to lifestyle factors
Gestational Diabetes
Occurs during pregnancy
Usually disappears after birth but increases future risk of Type 2 diabetes
Causes of Diabetes
General Causes
Family history (genetics)
Overweight or obesity
Lack of physical activity
Unhealthy diet (high sugar and refined carbohydrates)
Age (risk increases with age)
Hormonal changes (pregnancy)
Autoimmune attack (Type 1)
Type-Specific Causes
Type 1: Immune system destroys insulin-producing cells
Type 2: Insulin resistance + poor insulin production
Gestational: Pregnancy hormones interfere with insulin action
Symptoms of Diabetes
Common Symptoms
Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Extreme hunger
Weight loss (especially Type 1)
Tiredness or weakness
Blurred vision
Slow-healing wounds
Frequent infections (skin, gums, urinary)
Additional Symptoms
Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
Dry skin
Itching
Erectile dysfunction (in men)
⚠️ Some people with Type 2 diabetes may have no symptoms at first, making regular testing important.
Complications (If Not Controlled)
Heart disease & stroke
Kidney failure
Blindness
Nerve damage
Foot ulcers and amputation
Prevention & Control
Eat a balanced diet
Exercise regularly
Maintain a healthy weight
Reduce sugar and processed foods
Regular blood sugar testing
Use edible herbs diabetes pack
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