06/03/2026
The management of foot drop after a stroke requires a comprehensive and individualised approach. Many factors can contribute to to a foot drop including:
Muscle weakness at the front of the ankle can cause the foot to drop instead of lift up during walking and stepping. The degree of muscle weakness needs to be assessed properly, and the correct treatment implemented. For very weak muscles – a high dosage of repetitions, at a low load, is required to increase neural drive to the muscles. Once these muscles gain more strength a progressive overload protocol can be applied. In some cases, functional electrical stimulation may be required to help activate the very weak muscles of the ankle joint to help with muscle activation and strengthening.
Spasticity in the opposite muscle group in the ankle is also very common follow a stroke. This causes the foot to be pulled down during walking – contributing to the drop of the foot. Early intervention is required to help an individual learn to decrease this excessive muscle activity and also to strengthen these muscles. Stretching is good for these muscles, but it will not be enough overcome the effects of the spasticity over time. In some cases, the use of Botox therapy may be indicated – this needs to be determined case by case, and your physiotherapist will be able to help with this decision making.
Sensory loss - the loss of feeling in the foot and ankle, including proprioceptive loss which is the loss of awareness of where your foot is in space can also contribute to foot drop after a stroke. Sensory retraining is often a vital part of rehabilitation, as sensation helps to drive accurate movement of the foot. Being able to feel the position of the foot, and move the foot in an accurate sequence will help to improve foot drop.
In some cases when there is very little recovery of ankle movement, an ankle brace/orthosis may be required. There are many types, and prescription needs to come after a thorough walking assessment. Often a referral is made to an orthotist who specialises in prescription and fitting of ankle foot orthosis (AFO)