09/02/2026
๐๐๐ฉ-๐๐๐ฉ, ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ฒ! โ ๐๐ฉ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐๐ ๐
๐๐ฒ๐ฝ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ ๐: ๐จ๐ป๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฅ๐ถ๐๐ธ, ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐ฒ, ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) disease. While some individuals recover completely, others develop a lifelong infection that can lead to serious liver complications if left undetected and untreated.
Globally, hepatitis B remains a significant public health challenge. Hundreds of millions of people are living with chronic hepatitis B infection, and more than one million deaths each year are attributed to complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). Many of these outcomes are preventable through timely testing, vaccination, and appropriate care.
๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฒ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐๐ต๐ฟ๐ผ๐ป๐ถ๐ฐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฝ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ ๐
Acute hepatitis B occurs within the first six months after infection. Some individuals experience mild or no symptoms and are able to clear the virus naturally, developing lifelong immunity.
Chronic hepatitis B is a lifelong infection. The likelihood of developing chronic disease is strongly influenced by the age at which infection occurs. Infection during infancy or early childhood carries a very high risk of chronic infection, while infection acquired during adulthood leads to chronic disease in a small proportion of cases.
๐ ๐ผ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ง๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ป๐๐บ๐ถ๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป
Hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with infected blood and body fluids. Common routes of transmission include:
- Transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth
- Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person
- Sharing of needles, syringes, or other sharp instruments
- Unsafe medical injections, tattooing, or piercing practices
๐ฆ๐ถ๐ด๐ป๐ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฆ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ผ๐บ๐
Many people with hepatitis B do not experience symptoms and may be unaware of their infection. When symptoms do occur, they may include fatigue, fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, pale stools, and yellowing of the skin and eyes. In chronic infection, symptoms may take years to appear and often indicate advanced liver disease.
๐ง๐ฒ๐๐๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป
The only way to confirm hepatitis B infection is through testing. Early diagnosis enables timely medical care and helps prevent transmission and long-term complications.
Hepatitis B is preventable through safe and highly effective vaccination. The vaccine, routinely given starting at birth, provides nearly complete protection and is a critical strategy in reducing hepatitis-related illness and deaths.
REFERENCES:
World Health Organization (WHO). Hepatitis B Fact Sheet.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). About Hepatitis B.
