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14/08/2025

Music is more than just background noise; it’s deeply tied to our memories. We’ve long known that tunes can bring back moments from our past, which is why music therapy is often used to help people with Alzheimer’s or dementia recall memories. But scientists are still figuring out exactly how music affects our brains in this way. A new study adds an interesting twist: it’s not just the type of music or whether it’s happy or sad, but how strongly we react emotionally to it that matters for memory.

In the study, researchers had college students look at images of household objects. Later, after listening to different songs, they were shown more images, some new and some from before, and asked to identify them. Surprisingly, whether the students thought the music was happy, sad, familiar, or unfamiliar didn’t change their memory performance much. What really made a difference was how strongly each person felt about the music they heard. The more emotionally moved they were, the better they remembered both details and the big picture of what they had seen. This insight is especially useful for music therapists who work to trigger memories in people with memory loss. Still, researchers noted that since they only used a limited set of songs, future work should take a more personal approach.

RESEARCH PAPER 📄
Fine-tuning the details: post-encoding music differentially impacts general and detailed memory
Kayla Clark, Stephanie L. Leal
Journal of Neuroscience 23 June 2025, e0158252025;
DOI: 10.1523 JNEUROSCI.0158-25.2025

14/08/2025

Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak, brittle, and more likely to break—even from simple movements like bending or coughing. The word itself means "porous bone," and that’s exactly what happens: the bones lose density and structure, making them fragile. The most common areas for fractures are the hip, spine, and wrist. This disease affects both men and women, but women—especially those past menopause—are at a much higher risk due to the drop in estrogen, a hormone that helps maintain bone density.

Bones are constantly being broken down and rebuilt, but as people age, the rebuilding slows down. If you didn’t build strong bone mass in your youth, you’re more likely to develop osteoporosis later in life. Other major risk factors include a lack of calcium and vitamin D, little physical activity, smoking, heavy alcohol use, and certain illnesses like celiac disease, cancer, or kidney problems. Some medications like steroids also make the bones weaker.

Osteoporosis often goes unnoticed until a fracture happens. Signs like back pain, loss of height, or a hunched posture can indicate it, but it's usually called a “silent disease” because symptoms appear late. Diagnosis is done through X-rays or bone density scans. Though the condition can't be reversed, a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, calcium- and vitamin D-rich diet, and quitting smoking can help prevent further bone loss and reduce complications.

14/08/2025

Just seeing someone sick can activate your immune system — even if you're not infected.
In a 2025 study from the University Hospital of Lausanne and the University of Geneva, researchers showed that viewing sick avatars in virtual reality triggered brain activity in the salience network and peripersonal space system — regions responsible for detecting threats.
Surprisingly, this visual exposure alone caused a surge in innate lymphoid cells, mimicking the body's response to a real infection or vaccine.
Published in Nature Neuroscience, the study suggests your brain can predict and prepare for illness before it happens.

14/08/2025

Cholesterol is a fatty substance your body needs to produce hormones, vitamin D, and digestive fluids, as well as to keep organs functioning properly. Most cholesterol is made by the liver, while the rest comes from food. It travels through the bloodstream in packets called lipoproteins. There are two main types: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often called “bad” cholesterol, which can build up in artery walls and form plaque that narrows and stiffens arteries; and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or “good” cholesterol, which helps remove excess cholesterol from the blood.

Too much LDL cholesterol can damage the cardiovascular system by hardening and clogging arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This reduces blood flow and forces the heart to work harder. If plaque builds up in the heart’s arteries, it can cause chest pain (angina) or lead to a heart attack when a clot blocks blood flow completely. Similar blockages in the brain can cause a stroke, while those in other arteries may result in peripheral arterial disease (PAD), affecting the legs, feet, or digestive system.

In the endocrine system, cholesterol is essential for producing hormones like estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol, which control growth, reproduction, metabolism, and stress response. Hormonal changes, thyroid disorders, and certain treatments can alter cholesterol levels.

In the nervous system, the brain contains about 20% of the body’s cholesterol, which is vital for building and protecting nerve cells. While necessary, excess cholesterol can contribute to stroke risk, memory loss, and vascular dementia.

In the digestive system, cholesterol helps produce bile for breaking down fats, but too much can form gallstones. High cholesterol can also reduce blood flow to the intestines, causing pain and digestive problems.

Regular cholesterol checks, healthy eating, exercise, and medical care can help protect all these systems and reduce long-term health risks.

14/08/2025

Research has uncovered exactly how exercise can protect the brain from Alzheimer’s by changing gene activity in specific brain cells tied to memory. Using advanced single-cell RNA sequencing, scientists mapped out which types of brain cells in Alzheimer’s disease respond to physical activity. They found that exercise not only altered disease-associated microglia (the brain’s immune cells) but also impacted a newly identified group of astrocytes connected to blood vessels, known as neurovascular astrocytes. These changes may help maintain healthy brain environments and blood flow, crucial for memory.

A standout finding was the role of the metabolic gene Atpif1, which seems to drive the creation of new neurons. In Alzheimer’s mouse models that ran on exercise wheels, memory improved and their brains showed a surge in genes linked to neuron formation. The researchers then checked their mouse data against human brain samples from Alzheimer’s patients and found strikingly similar patterns, suggesting these mechanisms also exist in people.

This is big news because it moves us closer to developing cell-specific therapies for Alzheimer’s that mimic the protective effects of exercise. While we’ve long known that staying active is good for the aging brain, this study offers the first detailed map of how it rewires different cells in memory regions like the hippocampus, which is hit early by Alzheimer’s. Beyond just general brain health, these discoveries may one day lead to treatments that spark the brain’s own repair systems, helping grow new neurons and slow cognitive decline.

Research Paper 📄
PMID: 40506544
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-025-01971-w

14/08/2025

Your heart literally has a mind of its own.

It sends more signals to the brain than vice versa, and greatly influences how you feel.

For decades, medical science has treated pain as a phenomenon created and controlled entirely by the brain. But new research suggests that the heart — long considered the seat of human emotion — may also have a direct role in how we perceive and regulate pain.

In a review of emerging evidence, researchers highlight the “intrinsic cardiac nervous system,” sometimes called the heart’s “little brain,” first identified in 1991 by Dr. Armour.

This network of roughly 40,000 neurons resembles brain cells and communicates with the central nervous system through multiple channels, including the vagus nerve.

Remarkably, the heart sends more signals to the brain than the brain sends back, influencing key brain regions involved in emotion and sensation.

Techniques that target the heart, such as vagus nerve stimulation or heart-rhythm coherence training, have been shown to affect pain-processing centers in the brain, potentially altering not just the sensory experience of pain but also its emotional and cognitive dimensions.

This research suggests that the heart is far more than a mechanical pump — it may act as a moderator of pain perception. Scientists say this finding could reshape how we approach pain management, opening the door to therapies that focus not only on the brain but also on the heart’s own neural network.

Source: Alshami, A. M. (2019). Pain: Is It All in the Brain or the Heart? Current Pain and Headache Reports, 23(10).

14/08/2025

28/06/2025

Living matters existed in our universsl creations, but only human being formed part as a singled “body and soul” designed to live life to purpose Law of Almighty God not like other creatures in our living natures.

Zoom out: The new, comprehensive circle of life shows just how small our species is.

Scientists have pieced together an impressive "circle of life" or tree of life, mapping the known evolutionary relationships among approximately 2.3 million named species—from microbes to mammals—by stitching together hundreds of smaller, published genetic family trees.

This comprehensive digital resource reveals how all life on Earth traces back to a single, primordial ancestor over 3.5 billion years ago, offering a vivid, interconnected portrait of biodiversity
today.

It’s hosted openly online, inviting researchers and enthusiasts alike to enrich and update it—like a “Wikipedia for evolutionary history”

learn more https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/all-2-3-million-species-are-mapped-into-a-single-circle-of-life/

Despite its breadth, the tree remains a draft: only around 5% of named species have been sequenced, and many microbial and insect branches require deeper resolution.

Still, this living resource has practical value beyond curiosity. By clarifying how species are related, it aids in drug discovery, crop improvement, and tracking disease evolution—and it simultaneously highlights the vast biodiversity yet unregistered or genetically cataloged

As new species get discovered and data grow, the circle will expand further, constantly refining our grasp of life’s rich tapestry.

28/06/2025

Coz human being preserves life on a living earth. Mankind must know and understsnd the real purpose of human’s life in respect to law of natures snd Law of God’s Creations.

Scientists have detected deep pulses in the planet beneath Africa

Earth is beating from below, and the rhythm is clearest under Africa, where the ground is splitting apart and a new ocean is starting to form.

In Ethiopia’s Afar region, where the Arabian, Nubian, and Somalian tectonic plates are pulling away from each other, scientists have discovered that molten rock from deep inside the Earth moves upward in regular pulses, like a heartbeat. This region is one of the most geologically active on Earth, and new research shows that the material rising from the mantle is not steady or smooth — it pulses in waves that leave repeating chemical patterns in volcanic rocks.

Researchers collected 130 samples of these rocks from across the Afar Triangle and the Main Ethiopian Rift and analyzed their chemistry. They found that the chemical signatures weren’t random — instead, they lined up in stripes across the rift, showing a repeating process driven by a single, oddly shaped mantle plume.

This plume is affected by the shape and speed of the rifting plates above it. In places where the plates are thinner and moving apart more quickly — like the Red Sea — the pulses move faster and more evenly, like blood through a narrow artery. These findings suggest that tectonic plates don’t just ride on top of mantle plumes but help guide and shape them. According to the team, this means the interaction between the Earth’s interior and surface is more dynamic than we thought. The mantle doesn’t rise uniformly — it flows around the plates, concentrating heat and pressure where the crust is weakest. This could help explain why volcanoes and earthquakes tend to cluster in certain areas, and why continents break apart the way they do.

learn more https://phys.org/news/2025-06-scientists-deep-earth-pulses-beneath.html