07/02/2026
Why Should We Stand Firm on Our Rights in the West Philippine Sea?
We need to stand firm and stay vigilant about our rights in the West Philippine Sea because these rights are protected by international law, not just claimed by the Philippines.
Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, a global agreement signed by many countries, including the Philippines and China, coastal countries like the Philippines are given specific maritime rights.
First, our countryโs territorial sea extends up to 12 nautical miles (22.224 kilometers) from its coastline. In this area, the Philippines has full control, just like on land. This includes the water, the seabed, and the airspace above. Foreign ships may pass through, but only under innocent passage, meaning they must move continuously and peacefully and must not threaten our security or public order. Here, the Philippines can enforce laws on navigation, environmental protection, immigration, customs, and sanitation.
Next is the contiguous zone, which extends another 12 nautical miles beyond the territorial sea, reaching up to 24 nautical miles from the coast. In this zone, the Philippines can stop and punish violations of our laws on customs, taxes, immigration, and public health if these violations affect the country.
Farther out is the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), which extends up to 200 nautical miles from the coastline. This area is not part of our territory, but the Philippines has the exclusive right to use its natural resources, such as fish, oil, gas, and other marine resources. Our country also has authority over marine research, environmental protection, and the construction of artificial islands and structures.
Other countries are still allowed to sail, fly over, and lay underwater cables in our EEZ, but they cannot take our resources without permission.
The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in The Hague, Netherlands, issued a landmark ruling on July 12, 2016, which affirmed the rights of the Philippines in the West Philippine Sea. Moreover, such tribunal, constituted under the UNCLOS rejected Chinaโs "nine-dash line" claim as having no legal basis.
Knowing these facts helps us understand why the West Philippine Sea matters. Our rights there are clear and legal. Defending them is not about starting conflictโit is about respecting international law, protecting our resources, and securing our future.