Physio care

21/01/2026

🔹 Shoulder Bursitis – Role of Physiotherapy 🔹

Shoulder bursitis is a painful inflammatory condition involving the subacromial bursa, a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between the rotator cuff tendons and the acromion. Inflammation of this bursa leads to shoulder pain, stiffness, and restricted movement, especially during overhead activities.

🧠 Common Causes
• Repetitive overhead movements
• Poor posture and faulty shoulder biomechanics
• Rotator cuff tendinopathy or impingement
• Shoulder trauma or overuse
• Inflammatory conditions

🔍 Key Symptoms
• Shoulder pain aggravated by lifting or reaching
• Pain at night, especially lying on the affected side
• Local tenderness and swelling
• Reduced and painful range of motion

⸻

💪 Role of Physiotherapy in Shoulder Bursitis

Physiotherapy is a first-line, evidence-based treatment aimed at reducing inflammation, restoring mobility, and preventing recurrence.

Physiotherapy Treatment Approach

✔ Pain & inflammation control (ice/heat, TENS, activity modification)
✔ Gentle shoulder mobility and capsular stretching
✔ Rotator cuff and scapular stabilizer strengthening
✔ Postural correction and ergonomic advice
✔ Manual therapy to improve joint and soft tissue mobility
✔ Gradual return to functional and overhead activities

⸻

🎯 Key Takeaway

Early physiotherapy intervention helps relieve pain, restore shoulder function, and reduce the risk of chronic shoulder impingement or tendon pathology—often avoiding injections or surgery.

⸻

Dr. Shahzad Khan PT
Oncological & Musculoskeletal Rehab Physiotherapist | SKCMH
APTA | AHPC | FIFA Certified
DPT | MS | SPT | CMT | Certified Lymphoedema Therapist

⸻

16/01/2026

🔹 Coccydynia (Tailbone Pain) – Role of Physiotherapy 🔹

Coccydynia refers to pain originating from the coccyx (tailbone), commonly aggravated by prolonged sitting, rising from sitting, or direct pressure over the tailbone. It can significantly affect daily activities and quality of life if not addressed early.

🧠 Common Causes
• Falls or direct trauma to the coccyx
• Prolonged or poor sitting posture
• Childbirth-related strain
• Repetitive stress (cycling, long sitting hours)
• Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction

🔍 Signs & Symptoms
• Localized tailbone pain
• Pain during sitting or transitions (sit-to-stand)
• Tenderness around the coccyx
• Pain during bowel movements in some cases

⸻

💪 Role of Physiotherapy in Coccydynia

Physiotherapy is a conservative, evidence-based first-line treatment for coccydynia and plays a key role in pain reduction and functional recovery.

Physiotherapy Treatment Approach

✔ Pain management (ice/heat, TENS, ultrasound)
✔ Postural education & ergonomic sitting advice
✔ Pelvic floor relaxation and strengthening
✔ Core stability and lumbopelvic control exercises
✔ Manual therapy for soft tissue and coccygeal mobility
✔ Activity modification and graded return to function

⚠️ Important: Treatment must be individualized, especially in post-partum or chronic cases.

⸻

🎯 Key Takeaway

Early physiotherapy intervention can significantly reduce pain, improve sitting tolerance, and prevent chronic coccyx dysfunction—often avoiding invasive procedures.

⸻

Dr. Shahzad Khan PT
Oncological & Musculoskeletal Rehab Physiotherapist | SKCMH
APTA | AHPC | FIFA Certified
DPT | MS | SPT | CMT | Certified Lymphoedema Therapist

16/01/2026

🔹 Coccydynia (Tailbone Pain) – Role of Physiotherapy 🔹

Coccydynia refers to pain originating from the coccyx (tailbone), commonly aggravated by prolonged sitting, rising from sitting, or direct pressure over the tailbone. It can significantly affect daily activities and quality of life if not addressed early.

🧠 Common Causes
• Falls or direct trauma to the coccyx
• Prolonged or poor sitting posture
• Childbirth-related strain
• Repetitive stress (cycling, long sitting hours)
• Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction

🔍 Signs & Symptoms
• Localized tailbone pain
• Pain during sitting or transitions (sit-to-stand)
• Tenderness around the coccyx
• Pain during bowel movements in some cases

⸻

💪 Role of Physiotherapy in Coccydynia

Physiotherapy is a conservative, evidence-based first-line treatment for coccydynia and plays a key role in pain reduction and functional recovery.

Physiotherapy Treatment Approach

✔ Pain management (ice/heat, TENS, ultrasound)
✔ Postural education & ergonomic sitting advice
✔ Pelvic floor relaxation and strengthening
✔ Core stability and lumbopelvic control exercises
✔ Manual therapy for soft tissue and coccygeal mobility
✔ Activity modification and graded return to function

⚠️ Important: Treatment must be individualized, especially in post-partum or chronic cases.

⸻

🎯 Key Takeaway

Early physiotherapy intervention can significantly reduce pain, improve sitting tolerance, and prevent chronic coccyx dysfunction—often avoiding invasive procedures.

⸻

Dr. Shahzad Khan PT
Oncological & Musculoskeletal Rehab Physiotherapist | SKCMH
APTA | AHPC | FIFA Certified
DPT | MS | SPT | CMT | Certified Lymphoedema Therapist

⸻

🔖 LinkedIn Hashtags

14/01/2026

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

Understanding the Condition & the Role of Physiotherapy

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune neurological disorder in which the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, leading to rapidly progressive muscle weakness, sensory disturbances, and in severe cases, paralysis. Symptoms often start in the lower limbs and ascend upward, potentially affecting respiratory muscles.

Early diagnosis, medical management, and timely physiotherapy intervention are key factors in recovery.

⸻

Common Causes & Triggers
• Recent viral or bacterial infections (e.g., respiratory or gastrointestinal)
• Post-infectious immune response
• Rarely after vaccination
• Autoimmune mechanisms

⸻

Key Signs & Symptoms
• Progressive symmetrical weakness (usually ascending)
• Tingling or numbness in hands and feet
• Reduced or absent deep tendon reflexes
• Fatigue and pain
• Balance and gait difficulties
• Respiratory muscle involvement (severe cases)

⸻

Role of Physiotherapy in GBS

Physiotherapy is essential throughout all stages of GBS recovery, focusing on preventing complications, restoring function, and improving quality of life.

⸻

Physiotherapy Treatment Approach

🔹 Acute Phase (ICU / Early Stage)
• Proper positioning to prevent pressure sores
• Gentle passive range of motion (PROM)
• Chest physiotherapy & breathing exercises
• Pain management (TENS, gentle modalities)
• Prevention of contractures

🔹 Sub-Acute Phase
• Assisted active exercises
• Bed mobility and transfer training
• Gradual sitting and standing tolerance
• Gait training with assistive devices

🔹 Recovery Phase
• Progressive muscle strengthening
• Endurance and functional training
• Balance and proprioception exercises
• Task-oriented functional activities
• Fatigue management and pacing strategies

⚠️ Important: Over-fatigue must be avoided; exercises should always be low intensity and gradually progressed.

⸻

Key Takeaway

With early physiotherapy, structured rehabilitation, and patient-centered care, most individuals with GBS can achieve significant functional recovery and regain independence.

08/01/2026

Cervical Myelopathy

Understanding the Condition & the Role of Physiotherapy

Cervical myelopathy is a serious spinal cord disorder caused by compression of the spinal cord in the cervical (neck) region, most commonly due to degenerative changes such as cervical spondylosis, disc herniation, or spinal canal stenosis. It leads to progressive neurological deficits affecting the neck, arms, hands, gait, and balance.

Early recognition and timely management are crucial to prevent permanent disability.

⸻

Common Causes
• Cervical spondylosis (degenerative disc disease)
• Disc herniation
• Osteophyte (bone spur) formation
• Cervical spinal stenosis
• Trauma or spinal instability

⸻

Key Signs & Symptoms
• Neck pain and stiffness
• Numbness or tingling in arms and hands
• Hand weakness and clumsiness (difficulty buttoning or writing)
• Gait imbalance and frequent falls
• Lower limb stiffness or weakness
• Bladder or bowel dysfunction (advanced cases)

⸻

Role of Physiotherapy in Cervical Myelopathy

Physiotherapy plays an important supportive role, especially in mild to moderate cases and post-surgical rehabilitation. It aims to optimize function, reduce pain, and improve safety, while always respecting neurological precautions.

⸻

Physiotherapy Treatment Approach

🔹 Patient Education
• Neutral neck posture awareness
• Activity modification and pacing
• Ergonomic advice for daily activities

🔹 Pain Management
• Heat or cold therapy (as indicated)
• TENS for pain relief
• Avoidance of aggressive cervical movements

🔹 Mobility & Postural Control
• Gentle cervical and thoracic ROM exercises
• Upper thoracic mobility exercises
• Postural correction strategies

🔹 Strengthening & Stability
• Deep neck flexor activation
• Scapular stabilizer strengthening
• Upper limb functional strengthening

🔹 Balance & Gait Training
• Static and dynamic balance exercises
• Gait re-education to reduce fall risk
• Proprioceptive training

🔹 Post-Surgical Rehabilitation
• Gradual restoration of mobility
• Strength and endurance training
• Functional independence training

⚠️ Note: High-velocity cervical manipulations and end-range stress are contraindicated in cervical myelopathy.

⸻

Key Takeaway

Physiotherapy in cervical myelopathy is protective and functional, not aggressive. Early referral and individualized rehabilitation can slow functional decline, improve quality of life, and enhance patient safety.

08/01/2026

06/01/2026

Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS)

Overview & Physiotherapy Management

Upper Crossed Syndrome is a postural dysfunction caused by muscle imbalance in the neck, shoulder, and upper thoracic region. It commonly occurs due to prolonged poor posture, especially with desk work, mobile phone use, and sedentary lifestyles.

The condition is characterized by a “crossed” pattern of tight and weak muscles across the upper body.

⸻

Muscle Imbalance Pattern

Tight / Overactive Muscles
• Upper trapezius
• Levator scapulae
• Pectoralis major and minor
• Suboccipital muscles

Weak / Inhibited Muscles
• Deep neck flexors
• Lower and middle trapezius
• Rhomboids
• Serratus anterior

⸻

Clinical Features
• Forward head posture
• Rounded shoulders
• Increased thoracic kyphosis
• Neck and upper back pain
• Shoulder pain or impingement symptoms
• Headaches
• Reduced shoulder and neck mobility
• Fatigue during prolonged sitting

⸻

Causes
• Prolonged sitting and poor ergonomics
• Excessive mobile and laptop use
• Lack of postural awareness
• Muscle disuse and imbalance
• Stress-related muscle tension

⸻

Role of Physiotherapy in Upper Crossed Syndrome

Physiotherapy focuses on correcting posture, restoring muscle balance, reducing pain, and preventing recurrence.

⸻

Goals of Physiotherapy
• Reduce neck and shoulder pain
• Normalize muscle length and strength
• Improve posture and ergonomics
• Restore functional movement patterns
• Prevent chronic neck and shoulder disorders

⸻

Physiotherapy Treatment

1. Postural Education & Ergonomic Correction
• Awareness of neutral head and shoulder posture
• Workplace ergonomic assessment
• Sitting and standing posture correction
• Frequent posture breaks

⸻

2. Stretching Exercises (Tight Muscles)
• Pectoralis major and minor stretches
• Upper trapezius and levator scapulae stretches
• Cervical and thoracic mobility stretches

⸻

3. Strengthening Exercises (Weak Muscles)
• Deep neck flexor activation (chin tucks)
• Lower and middle trapezius strengthening
• Rhomboid strengthening
• Serratus anterior activation
• Scapular stabilization exercises (Y, T, W exercises)

⸻

4. Manual Therapy
• Soft tissue release for tight muscles
• Myofascial release techniques
• Joint mobilization of cervical and thoracic spine (as indicated)

⸻

5. Pain Management
• Heat therapy for muscle tension
• TENS for pain relief
• Activity modification

⸻

6. Functional & Movement Re-education
• Training correct movement patterns
• Scapulohumeral rhythm retraining
• Integration into daily and work activities

⸻

Home Exercise Program
• Daily posture correction exercises
• Stretching tight muscles (2–3 times/day)
• Strengthening exercises (3–4 times/week)

⸻

Physiotherapy Outcome

With early and consistent physiotherapy:
• Pain is significantly reduced
• Posture improves
• Neck and shoulder mobility increases
• Risk of chronic neck pain and shoulder impingement decreases

⸻

Key Message

Upper Crossed Syndrome is reversible with proper posture correction and targeted physiotherapy. Early intervention prevents long-term neck and shoulder problems.

01/01/2026

Shoulder Osteoarthritis (Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis)

Overview & Physiotherapy Management

Shoulder osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage loss of the glenohumeral joint, leading to pain, stiffness, reduced range of motion, and functional limitation. Although less common than knee or hip OA, shoulder OA can significantly affect daily activities, especially overhead movements.

⸻

Causes & Risk Factors
• Age-related cartilage degeneration
• Previous shoulder trauma or fractures
• Recurrent shoulder instability
• Rotator cuff pathology
• Rheumatoid or inflammatory arthritis
• Repetitive overhead activities

⸻

Clinical Features
• Deep, aching shoulder pain (worse with activity)
• Morning stiffness or stiffness after inactivity
• Reduced active and passive ROM (especially external rotation & abduction)
• Crepitus during shoulder movement
• Weakness and fatigue
• Difficulty with grooming, dressing, reaching overhead

⸻

Diagnosis (Brief)
• Clinical examination
• X-ray: joint space narrowing, osteophytes, sclerosis
• MRI (if soft tissue involvement suspected)

⸻

Role of Physiotherapy in Shoulder Osteoarthritis

Physiotherapy is a key conservative treatment to reduce pain, maintain mobility, and delay or avoid surgery.

⸻

Goals of Physiotherapy
• Reduce pain and inflammation
• Maintain or improve shoulder range of motion
• Strengthen surrounding musculature
• Improve functional independence
• Enhance quality of life

⸻

Physiotherapy Treatment

1. Pain Management
• Heat therapy for stiffness
• Ice therapy for acute inflammation
• TENS for pain modulation
• Activity modification and pacing

⸻

2. Range of Motion Exercises

Goal: Prevent stiffness and capsular tightening
• Pendulum (Codman) exercises
• Assisted flexion, abduction, and rotation
• Wand and pulley exercises
• Gentle capsular stretching

⚠️ Avoid aggressive or painful end-range movements.

⸻

3. Strengthening Exercises

Focus Areas:
• Rotator cuff muscles
• Scapular stabilizers (serratus anterior, trapezius)
• Deltoid muscle

Methods:
• Isometric exercises (early phase)
• Resistance bands and light weights
• Closed-chain shoulder exercises

⸻

4. Manual Therapy
• Glenohumeral joint mobilizations (Grade I–II for pain, III for mobility)
• Soft tissue release for peri-scapular muscles

⸻

5. Postural & Scapular Control Training
• Correction of rounded shoulders
• Scapular retraction and depression exercises
• Ergonomic and workplace advice

⸻

6. Functional Training
• Task-specific activities (reaching, lifting)
• ADL-based rehabilitation
• Energy conservation strategies

⸻

Home Exercise Program
• Daily ROM exercises
• Strengthening 3–4 times/week
• Posture awareness and self-management

⸻

When Surgery Is Considered
• Severe pain not responding to conservative management
• Marked functional limitation
• Advanced joint degeneration

Physiotherapy remains essential pre- and post-operatively (e.g., shoulder arthroplasty).

⸻

Physiotherapy Outcome

With consistent physiotherapy:
• Pain and stiffness are reduced
• Shoulder mobility is preserved
• Strength and function improve
• Progression-related disability is minimized

⸻

Key Message

Shoulder osteoarthritis is manageable. Early and structured physiotherapy plays a vital role in maintaining shoulder function and improving quality of life.

30/12/2025

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Overview & Physiotherapy Management

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that primarily affects the sacroiliac joints and spine. Over time, persistent inflammation can lead to stiffness, pain, reduced mobility, and progressive spinal fusion, resulting in postural deformity and functional limitation. AS commonly affects young adults, especially males, and is strongly associated with HLA-B27.

⸻

Clinical Features
• Chronic low back pain and stiffness (worse in the morning or after rest)
• Improvement of pain with activity and exercise
• Reduced spinal mobility
• Alternating buttock pain
• Stooped posture (thoracic kyphosis)
• Chest tightness due to reduced chest expansion
• Fatigue
• Peripheral joint involvement and enthesitis (inflammation at tendon insertions)

⸻

Diagnosis (Brief)
• Clinical presentation
• Imaging (MRI/X-ray of sacroiliac joints)
• Inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP)
• HLA-B27 (supportive, not diagnostic alone)

⸻

Role of Physiotherapy in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Physiotherapy is a cornerstone of AS management and should begin early and continue lifelong. Regular exercise helps slow disease progression and preserves function.

Goals of Physiotherapy
• Reduce pain and stiffness
• Maintain spinal and peripheral joint mobility
• Improve posture and alignment
• Enhance chest expansion and respiratory function
• Improve strength, endurance, and functional capacity
• Prevent deformity and disability

⸻

Physiotherapy Treatment

1. Exercise Therapy (Most Important)
• Spinal mobility exercises (extension, rotation)
• Postural correction exercises to prevent flexed posture
• Stretching of hip flexors, hamstrings, pectorals
• Strengthening exercises for back extensors, core, and gluteals
• Aerobic exercises (walking, cycling, swimming)

⸻

2. Breathing Exercises
• Chest expansion exercises
• Deep diaphragmatic breathing
• Costovertebral mobility exercises
(to prevent restrictive lung involvement)

⸻

3. Manual Therapy (Selective Use)
• Soft tissue techniques for muscle tightness
• Gentle spinal and joint mobilization (non-aggressive)
⚠️ High-velocity manipulations are contraindicated in advanced disease.

⸻

4. Pain Management
• Heat therapy for muscle stiffness
• TENS for pain relief
• Relaxation techniques

⸻

5. Posture & Ergonomic Advice
• Sleeping on a firm mattress
• Avoid prolonged flexed positions
• Maintain upright sitting and standing posture
• Workplace ergonomic correction

⸻

6. Hydrotherapy
• Swimming and water-based exercises
• Improves mobility with minimal joint stress

⸻

Patient Education
• Importance of daily exercise compliance
• Long-term nature of the disease
• Joint protection and activity modification
• Adherence to medical treatment alongside
Physiotherapy Outcome

With consistent physiotherapy and exercise:
• Pain and stiffness are reduced
• Spinal mobility is preserved
• Postural deformities are prevented

20/12/2025

Jersey Finger

Jersey finger is a serious hand injury caused by an avulsion or rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon from its insertion at the distal phalanx. It commonly occurs during sports activities when a player forcefully grabs an opponent’s jersey and the finger is suddenly pulled into extension.

Commonly Affected Finger
• Ring finger (most common)
• Can also affect middle or little finger

Clinical Features
• Inability to actively flex the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint
• Pain and swelling at the fingertip or palm
• Tenderness along the flexor tendon
• Bruising at the volar aspect of the finger
• Weak grip strength

Management Overview

⚠️ Jersey finger is considered a surgical emergency.
Early surgical repair (preferably within 7–10 days) provides the best functional outcome.

Physiotherapy Management After Surgical Repair

Physiotherapy is critical for tendon healing and restoration of hand function.

Goals of Physiotherapy
• Protect the repaired tendon
• Restore tendon gliding
• Improve finger range of motion
• Regain grip strength
• Prevent stiffness and adhesions

Physiotherapy Treatment Protocol

Early Phase (0–6 weeks)
• Dorsal blocking splint (wrist and finger in flexion)
• Passive and passive-assisted finger flexion
• Controlled extension within splint limits
• Edema control and scar management
• Patient education on tendon protection

Intermediate Phase (6–12 weeks)
• Gradual introduction of active finger flexion
• Tendon gliding exercises
• Gentle resistance exercises (therapy putty, bands)
• Functional hand use within limit

Late Phase (3–6 months)
• Progressive strengthening of grip and pinch
• Full active ROM exercises
• Proprioceptive and functional retraining
• Gradual return to work and sports activities

Physiotherapy Outcome

With timely surgery and structured physiotherapy, most patients can regain good finger function, strength, and return safely to daily activities and sports.

18/12/2025

Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis is a painful inflammatory condition affecting the tendons of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist, specifically the Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL) and Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB). These tendons become irritated and thickened as they pass through their sheath near the radial side of the wrist, leading to pain and functional difficulty.

Causes
• Repetitive thumb and wrist movements
• Overuse (lifting, wringing, gripping, texting, childcare activities)
• Prolonged poor ergonomics
• Inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
• Postpartum period (hormonal changes and repetitive lifting)

Clinical Features
• Pain at the base of the thumb and radial wrist
• Swelling and tenderness over the radial styloid
• Pain aggravated by gripping, pinching, or thumb movement
• Weak grip strength
• Positive Finkelstein’s test (sharp pain along thumb side)

Diagnosis
• Primarily clinical
• Ultrasound may show tendon sheath thickening and inflammation

Physiotherapy Management of De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

Physiotherapy is highly effective, especially in early and subacute stages.

Goals of Physiotherapy
• Reduce pain and inflammation
• Promote tendon healing
• Restore thumb and wrist mobility
• Improve strength and function
• Prevent recurrence

Physiotherapy Treatment

Acute Phase
• Activity modification & rest
• Thumb spica splint to immobilize thumb and wrist
• Cryotherapy: Ice pack 10–15 minutes, 2–3 times/day
• Electrotherapy: TENS for pain relief
• Gentle pain-free ROM exercises

Subacute Phase
• Gradual reduction of splint use
• Active and assisted ROM exercises for thumb and wrist
• Isometric strengthening of thumb muscles
• Soft tissue techniques around the tendon sheath (gentle)

Chronic / Recovery Phase
• Eccentric strengthening of APL and EPB
• Grip and pinch strengthening exercises
• Stretching of thumb extensors and abductors
• Therapeutic ultrasound or heat therapy (if indicated)
• Functional task retraining

Ergonomic & Patient Education
• Avoid repetitive thumb strain
• Proper hand and wrist positioning
• Use adaptive tools and ergonomic supports
• Gradual return to daily activities
• Compliance with medical treatment (NSAIDs or injections if prescribed)

Physiotherapy Outcome

With timely intervention, physiotherapy can significantly reduce pain, restore hand function, and prevent chronic disability, often avoiding the need for invasive procedures.

17/12/2025

Raffet Syndrome Type 2 (RS2)

Raffet Syndrome Type 2 is a rare inherited neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive weakness of the shoulder girdle and distal lower limb muscles, particularly affecting the scapular stabilizers and peroneal muscles. The condition often presents in adolescence or early adulthood and progresses slowly over time.

⸻

Key Clinical Features
• Scapular winging
• Shoulder girdle weakness
• Distal lower limb weakness
• Foot drop
• Steppage gait
• Muscle atrophy (shoulders and calves)
• Balance and functional mobility difficulties

⸻

Physiotherapy Management in Raffet Syndrome Type 2

Physiotherapy plays a central role in maintaining function, independence, and quality of life.

Goals of Physiotherapy
• Preserve muscle strength and endurance
• Prevent contractures and deformities
• Improve balance and gait
• Enhance functional independence
• Reduce fatigue and risk of falls

⸻

Physiotherapy Interventions
1. Strengthening Exercises
• Low-resistance, high-repetition exercises
• Scapular stabilization exercises
• Peroneal and ankle dorsiflexor strengthening
• Avoid over-fatigue and high-intensity loading

2. Range of Motion & Stretching
• Regular active and passive ROM
• Stretching of calf, hamstrings, and shoulder muscles
• Postural correction exercises

3. Gait Training
• Gait re-education to reduce compensatory patterns
• Balance and proprioceptive training
• Ankle-Foot Orthosis (AFO) for foot drop if indicated

4. Functional Training
• Task-specific training (sit-to-stand, stair climbing)
• Energy conservation techniques during daily activities

5. Assistive Devices & Orthoses
• AFO for foot drop
• Walking aids (cane or walker) when required
• Advice on footwear and home safety

6. Patient Education
• Activity pacing and fatigue management
• Fall prevention strategies
• Importance of regular physiotherapy follow-up
• Genetic counseling support (as part of MDT care)

⸻

Conclusion

Although Raffet Syndrome Type 2 has no definitive cure, early and tailored physiotherapy intervention can significantly slow functional decline, enhance mobility, and improve long-term quality of life.