27/06/2020
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS, polycystic o***y syndrome) is a relatively common hormonal disorder that causes a number of different symptoms in of age. Common to all women with PCOS is an irregularity in the cycle and the presence of excess hormones (androgens).
The condition was named because of the finding of enlarged ovaries containing multiple small cysts (polycystic ovaries). Although most women with have polycystic ovaries, some affected women do not. PCOS has also been referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome and polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD).
Symptoms
PCOS leads to disruptions in the menstrual cycle that typically begin around the onset of puberty. The menstrual irregularities of PCOS are accompanied by a lack of ovulation, so affected women may experience .
An increase in the production of (male hormones) by the ovaries in PCOS may lead to excess hair growth in areas suggesting a male pattern, known as hirsutism. Thick, hair growth occurs on the upper lip, chin, around the ni**les, and on the lower abdomen.
Because of the absence or reduction in , women with PCOS have reduced levels of the hormone progesterone. This can result in growth stimulation of the , leading to dysfunctional uterine bleeding and breakthrough bleeding. Increased stimulation of the endometrium in the absence of production is a risk factor for the development of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.
Insulin resistance, weight gain, and obesity are also common in PCOS. Observers have suggested that about one-half of women with PCOS are obese. Insulin resistance, accompanied by elevated blood levels of insulin, occurs in most women with PCOS, independent of the presence of obesity.
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