29/01/2026
🔹 SHOULDER ABDUCTION & SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM 🔹
The shoulder is one of the most mobile joints in the human body, allowing the arm to move smoothly through a wide range of motion. During arm elevation (abduction), movement does not occur only at the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) but is shared with the shoulder blade (scapula). This coordinated movement is known as scapulohumeral rhythm.
In the initial phase (0–60°) of arm abduction, most of the movement occurs at the glenohumeral joint. The scapula remains relatively stable against the rib cage, providing a strong base for arm motion. This phase mainly relies on the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles to lift the arm.
As the arm moves from 60° to around 120°, the scapula begins to rotate upward along with continued glenohumeral movement. This coordinated action helps maintain joint stability, prevents impingement under the acromion, and allows further elevation without excessive stress on one structure alone.
During the final phase (120°–180°), scapular upward rotation becomes even more important. The scapula rotates and tilts to allow full overhead elevation of the arm. Proper muscle balance between the rotator cuff, trapezius, and serratus anterior is essential here to achieve smooth, pain-free motion.
✨ Why is this important?
Any disruption in scapulohumeral rhythm—due to muscle weakness, tightness, poor posture, or injury—can lead to shoulder pain, impingement, or reduced range of motion. Understanding this biomechanics is crucial for physiotherapy rehabilitation, injury prevention, and posture correction.