Drug-o-pedia, Muzzaffrabad, Muzaffarabad (2026)

11/01/2023

Which medical condition your suffering from .
Write below in comments .

19/11/2022

Search Menu

Navigation Menu

BACK

PATIENT RESOURCES AND EDUCATION

Print Materials

Treatment for Common Illnesses

BACK

TREATMENT FOR COMMON ILLNESSES

BACK

PATIENT RESOURCES AND EDUCATIONTREATMENT FOR COMMON ILLNESSES

Chest Cold (Acute Bronchitis)

Common Cold

Ear Infection

Flu (Influenza)

Sinus Infection (Sinusitis)

Skin Infections

Sore Throat

Urinary Tract Infection

Home

Video and Audio

Web Images and Graphics

Home

Antibiotic Prescribing and Use

Sore Throat

Español: Dolor de garganta

Is it painful to swallow? Or is your throat scratchy? A virus may be causing your sore throat.

Most sore throats, except for strep throat, do not need antibiotics.

Causes

Causes of sore throat include:

Viruses, like those that cause colds or flu

The bacteria group A strep, which causes strep throat (also called streptococcal pharyngitis)

Allergies

Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke

Of these, infections from viruses are the most common cause of sore throats.

Strep throat is an infection in the throat and tonsils caused by bacteria. These bacteria are called group A Streptococcus (also called Streptococcus pyogenes).

Symptoms of Sore Throat

A sore throat can make it painful to swallow. A sore throat can also feel dry and scratchy. Sore throat can be a symptom of strep throat, the common cold, allergies, or other upper respiratory tract illness. Sore throat caused by a virus or the bacteria called group A Streptococcus can have similar symptoms.

Sometimes the following symptoms suggest a virus is causing the illness instead of Strep throat:

Cough

Runny nose

Hoarseness (changes in your voice that makes it sound breathy, raspy, or strained)

Conjunctivitis (also called pink eye

17/10/2022

What is Mitosis?
Mitosis, a process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells. Strictly applied, the term mitosis is used to describe the duplication and distribution of chromosomes, the structures that carry the genetic information.
Mitosis is absolutely essential to life because it provides new cells for growth and for replacement of worn-out cells. Mitosis may take minutes or hours, depending upon the kind of cells and species of organisms. It is influenced by time of day, temperature, and chemicals.

23/09/2022

Vaginitis
Vaginitis is an inflammation of the va**na that can result in discharge, itching and pain. The cause is usually a change in the balance of va**nal bacteria or an infection. Reduced estrogen levels after menopause and some skin disorders also can cause vaginitis.
Bacterial vaginosis. This results from an overgrowth of the bacteria naturally found in your va**na, which upsets the natural balance.

Yeast infections. These are usually caused by a naturally occurring fungus called Candida albicans.

Trichomoniasis. This is caused by a parasite and is often s*xually transmitted
Symptoms

Vaginitis signs and symptoms can include:

Change in color, odor or amount of discharge from your va**na

Vaginal itching or irritation

Pain during s*x

Painful urination

Light va**nal bleeding or spotting

If you have va**nal discharge, the characteristics of the discharge might indicate the type of vaginitis you have. Examples include:

Bacterial vaginosis. You might develop a grayish-white, foul-smelling discharge. The odor, often described as a fishy odor, might be more obvious after s*x.

Yeast infection. The main symptom is itching, but you might have a thick white discharge that resembles cottage cheese.

Trichomoniasis. An infection called trichomoniasis (trik-o-moe-NIE-uh-sis) can cause a greenish-yellow, sometimes frothy discharge.
Causes

The cause depends on what type of vaginitis you have:

Bacterial vaginosis. This most common type of vaginitis results from a change of the bacteria found in your va**na, upsetting the balance. What causes the imbalance is unknown. It's possible to have bacterial vaginosis without symptoms.

This type of vaginitis seems to be linked to but not caused by s*x — especially if you have multiple s*x partners or a new s*x partner — but it also occurs in women who aren't s*xually active.

Yeast infections. These occur when there's an overgrowth of a fungal organism — usually Candida albicans — in your va**na. C. albicans also causes infections in other moist areas of your body, such as in your mouth (thrush), skin folds and nail beds. The fungus can also cause diaper rash.

Trichomoniasis. This common s*xually transmitted infection is caused by a microscopic, one-celled parasite called Trichomonas va**nalis. This organism spreads during s*x with someone who has the infection.

In men, the organism usually infects the urinary tract, but often it causes no symptoms. In women, trichomoniasis typically infects the va**na, and might cause symptoms. It also increases women's risk of getting other s*xually transmitted infections.

Noninfectious vaginitis. Vaginal sprays, douches, perfumed soaps, scented detergents and spermicidal products can cause an allergic reaction or irritate vulvar and va**nal tissues. Foreign objects, such as toilet paper or forgotten tampons, in the va**na also can irritate va**nal tissues.

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (va**nal atrophy). Reduced estrogen levels after menopause or surgical removal of your ovaries can cause the va**nal lining to thin, sometimes resulting in va**nal irritation, burning and dryness
**nahealth **nalhygienespray

14/09/2022

What are nail abnormalities?

Healthy nails appear smooth and have consistent coloring. As you age, you may develop vertical ridges, or your nails may be a bit more brittle. This is harmless. Spots due to injury should grow out with the nail.

Abnormalities — such as spots, discoloration, and nail separation — can result from injuries to the fingers and hands, viral warts (periungual warts), infections (onychomycosis), and some medications, such as those used for chemotherapy.

Certain medical conditions can also change the appearance of your fingernails. However, these changes can be difficult to interpret. Your fingernails’ appearance alone isn’t enough to diagnose a specific illness. A doctor will use this information, along with your other symptoms and a physical exam, to make a diagnosis.

You should always consult your doctor if you have any questions about changes in your nails.
Abnormalities of the fingernail

Some changes in your nails are due to medical conditions that need attention. See your doctor if you have any of these symptoms:

discoloration (dark streaks, white streaks, or changes in nail color)

changes in nail shape (curling or clubbing)

changes in nail thickness (thickening or thinning)

nails that become brittle

nails that are pitted

bleeding around nails

swelling or redness around nails

pain around nails

a nail separating from the skin

13/09/2022

Animated logo for the Drug-o-pedia . Please let us know how is it ?

03/09/2022

Dengue fever?
Dengue (DENG-gey) fever is a mosquito-borne illness that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever and flu-like symptoms. The severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause serious bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure (shock) and death.
Millions of cases of dengue infection occur worldwide each year. Dengue fever is most common in Southeast Asia, the western Pacific islands, Latin America and Africa. But the disease has been spreading to new areas, including local outbreaks in Europe and southern parts of the United States.

Researchers are working on dengue fever vaccines. For now, in areas where dengue fever is common, the best ways to prevent infection are to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes and to take steps to reduce the mosquito population

Symptoms

Many people experience no signs or symptoms of a dengue infection.

When symptoms do occur, they may be mistaken for other illnesses — such as the flu — and usually begin four to 10 days after you are bitten by an infected mosquito.

Dengue fever causes a high fever — 104 F (40 C) — and any of the following signs and symptoms:

Headache

Muscle, bone or joint pain

Nausea

Vomiting

Pain behind the eyes

Swollen glands

Rash

Most people recover within a week or so. In some cases, symptoms worsen and can become life-threatening. This is called severe dengue,

Severe dengue happens when your blood vessels become damaged and leaky. And the number of clot-forming cells (platelets) in your bloodstream drops. This can lead to shock, internal bleeding, organ failure and even death.

Warning signs of severe dengue fever — which is a life-threatening emergency — can develop quickly. The warning signs usually begin the first day or two after your fever goes away, and may include:

Severe stomach pain

Persistent vomiting

Bleeding from your gums or nose

Blood in your urine, stools or vomit

Bleeding under the skin, which might look like b.

Irritability or restlessness

25/08/2022

Wear mask and stay health avoid corona

25/08/2022

What is Cyanosis in Infants and Children?

Cyanosis refers to a bluish-purple hue to the skin. It is most easily seen where the skin is thin, such as the lips, mouth, earlobes and fingernails.

Cyanosis indicates there may be decreased oxygen attached to red blood cells in the bloodstream. It may suggest a problem with the lungs or heart. Cyanosis is a finding based on what is seen, not by a laboratory test.

Types of Cyanosis

“Acrocyanosis” refers to cyanosis found in the extremities, particularly the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. It can also be seen on the skin around the lips. Acrocyanosis is often normal in babies, as long as no cyanosis is present in the central part of the body. Children may have acrocyanosis when they are cold (such as swimming in cold water) but it should resolve once they are warmed up.

“Central cyanosis” refers to cyanosis found on “central” parts of the body, including the mouth, head and torso. Central cyanosis is never normal in the newborn period, and is almost always linked to a lower amount of oxygen in the blood. It could be due to a problem of the heart, lungs or blood.

Causes of Cyanosis

Central cyanosis occurs because blood changes color based on the presence (or absence) of oxygen. Red blood is oxygen rich, but blood with decreased oxygen turns blue or purple. Red blood flowing through the tiny vessels in the skin produces a healthy red-pink color. Blue blood is oxygen poor and causes a bluish-purple tint to the skin.

Conditions That Cause Cyanosis

Cyanosis is usually caused by abnormalities of the heart, the lungs or the blood. Under normal conditions, after receiving oxygen from the lungs, red (oxygen rich) blood is delivered from the heart to the rest of the body. When it returns to the heart, the blue (oxygen poor) blood is shipped to the lungs to collect more oxygen.

Abnormalities in the lungs can prevent oxygen from entering the blood, which can lead to cyanosis. Some examples of lung abnormalities that can lead to cyanosis include:

Events that limit the amount of oxygen you can breathe in (smoke inhalation from house fires, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.)

A blockage in the airway that limits the amount of oxygen getting into your lungs (choking on a foreign body, croup, etc.)

Primary lung disease (asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, etc.)

Congenital heart abnormalities can cause some blue (oxygen poor) blood to bypass the lungs altogether and never collect oxygen (see below). Abnormalities in the blood can decrease its ability to absorb oxygen. All of these abnormalities cause blue (oxygen poor) blood to get pumped to the body.

Drug-o-pedia

11/01/2023

19/11/2022

17/10/2022

23/09/2022

14/09/2022

13/09/2022

03/09/2022

25/08/2022

25/08/2022

Address

Telephone

Website

Alerts

Contact The Practice

Shortcuts

Share

Category