Dr Raees Ahmed Raja

02/02/2026

FATTY LIVER

Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis or steatotic liver disease (SLD), is a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat (triglycerides) within liver cells.

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Fatty liver often has no early symptoms, but when it progresses, watch for fatigue, dull pain/fullness in the upper right abdomen, weakness, and weight loss, with more severe signs like jaundice (yellowing skin/eyes), itchy skin, abdominal swelling (ascites), and leg swelling indicating advanced liver damage (cirrhosis). It's commonly discovered during tests for other issues, but the Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) (formerly NAFLD) can lead to serious complications like cirrhosis or liver cancer.
√Early/Mild Symptoms (when present):
•Fatigue & Weakness: Feeling unusually tired or lacking energy.
•Abdominal Discomfort: A dull ache, fullness, or pain in the upper right belly.
•Loss of Appetite.
•Nausea.
•Unexplained Weight Loss.

√Advanced Symptoms (indicating MASH/Cirrhosis):
•Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes.
•Itchy Skin: Persistent itching, sometimes with red spots.
•Abdominal Swelling (Ascites): Fluid buildup causing a swollen belly.
•Swelling in Legs/Ankles (Edema): Fluid retention in extremities.
•Spider Angiomas: Spider-like blood vessels under the skin.
•Easy Bruising/Bleeding.
•Dark Urine, Pale Stools.
•Confusion/Trouble Concentrating: (hepatic encephalopathy).

TYPES
There are two main types of fatty liver disease: Alcohol-Related Fatty Liver Disease (ALD), caused by heavy drinking, and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) (formerly NAFLD), linked to metabolic issues like obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Both can progress from simple fat accumulation (steatosis) to more serious inflammation and scarring, known as MASLD (MASH/NASH) or ALD with inflammation, potentially leading to cirrhosis or liver cancer.
1. Alcohol-Related Fatty Liver Disease (ALD)
Cause: Excessive alcohol consumption.
Progression: Can lead to alcoholic steatohepatitis (inflammation) and cirrhosis (scarring).
2. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
Cause: Not related to alcohol, but linked to metabolic factors like being overweight, diabetes, high triglycerides, and high blood pressure.
Subtypes:
Simple Fatty Liver (MASL): Fat in the liver without significant inflammation or damage.
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH): (Formerly NASH) Fat, inflammation, and liver cell damage, which can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure.
Key takeaway
The primary distinction is alcohol use (ALD) versus metabolic factors (MASLD).
Both conditions have stages, with inflammation (MASH/NASH) being a more severe form than simple fatty liver (MASL/NAFL).

STAGES
The stages include:
1.Simple Fatty Liver (Steatosis)
2.NASH (Inflammation)
3. Fibrosis (Scarring)
4.Cirrhosis (Severe Scarring/Failure)

CAUSES
Fatty liver disease is primarily caused by metabolic issues (non-alcoholic) or excessive alcohol consumption, leading to fat accumulation in liver cells.
Key causes include
Obesity (especially abdominal fat), type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol/triglycerides, and metabolic syndrome.
Other factors include rapid weight loss, certain medications, and genetic factors.
Primary Causes of Fatty Liver Metabolic Syndrome & Obesity:
The leading cause, often linked to high visceral fat, which causes insulin resistance.Type 2 Diabetes/Insulin Resistance: When cells don't respond to insulin, the liver processes fat less efficiently.
Alcohol Abuse: Long-term, heavy alcohol use directly causes fat buildup and damage to liver cells.
High Blood Lipids: High levels of triglycerides and "bad" cholesterol (\(LDL\)) contribute to fat storage in the liver.
Rapid Weight Loss: Rapid weight reduction or malnutrition can trigger fat buildup.
Secondary and Other Contributing Factors Medical Conditions: Polycystic o***y syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), and obstructive sleep apnea.
Medications: Certain drugs, including those for cancer, steroids, and heart conditions, may cause fatty liver.
Genetic Factors: Specific genetic mutations can increase susceptibility to liver disease.

COMPLICATIONS
Fatty liver disease (FLD) complications progress from inflammation (MASH/NASH) to scarring (fibrosis), potentially leading to severe liver damage like cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), and can also cause issues like ascites (fluid buildup), esophageal varices (bleeding veins), confusion (hepatic encephalopathy), and increased risks for heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Early stages might be silent, but progression involves liver damage, requiring lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, weight loss) to prevent severe outcomes.
Liver-Specific Complications
•Hepatitis (MASH/NASH): Inflammation and damage to liver cells.
•Fibrosis: Formation of scar tissue, stiffening the liver.
•Cirrhosis: Extensive scarring, often irreversible, severely impairing liver function.
•Liver Cancer (HCC): Increased risk, sometimes even before cirrhosis.
•Liver Failure: The liver stops functioning.
•Hepatic Encephalopathy: Confusion, sleepiness, slurred speech due to toxin buildup.
•Ascites: Fluid accumulation in the abdomen.
Esophageal Varices: Swollen veins in the esophagus that can bleed.

Other Health Complications
•Cardiovascular Disease: Higher risk of heart problems and stroke.
•Kidney Disease: Increased risk of kidney issues.
•Metabolic Issues: Worsening Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, high cholesterol.

HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT aur,calc,calc-f,chel,germ-met,kali-bic,kali-sul,lac-d,Lyco,lyss,mang,mang-act,Merc,phlor,Phos,pic-ac,vanad

01/02/2026

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common nerve entrapment disorder where the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This compression causes numbness, tingling, burning, and pain in the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers.
This compression can occur when swelling presses on the median nerve inside the carpal tunnel,leading to entrapment neuropathy.

SIGN & SYMPTOMS
Common signs and symptoms include;
•Numbness, tingling, weakness or pain in the thumb,index finger, middle finger and half of the ring finger
Some people may experience
•Burning, numbness, tingling or pain in the thumb pointer and middle fingers
•Feeling like fingers are swollen even if they look normal
•Difficulty gripping small objects
•Frequently dropping objects
•Shock like feelings in the fingers
•pain or tingling that may travel up the forearm towards the shoulder
•Symptoms can be worse at night due to wrist flexed which increases the pressure on median nerve

CAUSES
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition that occurs when the median nerve in the wrist becomes compressed.
Repetitive strain injuries,often linked to work or hobbies that involve vibrating tools or repetitive motions,are a significant contributor to this condition.
The main causes of Carpal tunnel syndrome include;
•Traumatic causes
Wrist fractures, sprains and inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or gout can compress the median nerve
•Repetitive strain injuries
Activities that involve repetitive motions such as typing, machin work can increase pressure on the median nerve
•Health conditions
Certain health conditions like diabetes,obesity and hypothyroidism can increase the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome
•Genetic disposition
Having a family history of carpal tunnel syndrome can increase an individual's risk
•Other factors
Ganglion cysts, tumours and synovial hypertrophy in rheumatoid arthritis can also contribute to development of carpal tunnel syndrome

HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT
arn,bell-p,brach,brass-n-o,calc,clac-f,calc-p,caust,form,guaj,hydrog,hyper,lach,lyco,MED,Nat-m,Nux-v,phos,plb,Puls,rhus-t,ruta,viol-o,zinc

31/01/2026

Older women are at high risk for osteoporosis and fragility fractures because bone loss accelerates after menopause (less estrogen), and with aging the body absorbs calcium less efficiently and makes less vitamin D from sunlight. Calcium + vitamin D helps cover these gaps.

👉Why calcium helps
• Calcium is the main mineral in bone. If dietary calcium is low, the body pulls calcium from bones to keep blood calcium normal → weaker bones over time.
• Adequate calcium supports bone density and reduces bone turnover (bone breakdown).

👉Why vitamin D helps
• Vitamin D improves calcium absorption from the gut.
• It supports muscle strength and balance, which can reduce falls (and therefore fractures).
• Older adults commonly have low vitamin D due to less sun exposure and reduced skin/kidney activation.

👉Who benefits most
• Women after menopause, especially:
• History of fracture or osteoporosis
• Low dietary calcium (little dairy/fortified foods)
• Limited sun exposure, darker skin, or covering clothing
• Frailty, frequent falls, long-term steroid use

👉Practical targets (common guideline ranges)
• Calcium (total from food + supplements): about 1,200 mg/day for most women ≥50.
• Vitamin D: often 800–1,000 IU/day for older adults (some need more if deficient, guided by a blood test).

👉Important safety notes
• Food first is preferred (dairy, fortified milk/soy, small fish with bones, leafy greens).
• Don’t overdo supplements:
• Too much calcium can cause constipation and raise risk of kidney stones in some people.
• Very high vitamin D can cause high blood calcium (rare, usually from excessive dosing).
• If someone has kidney disease, kidney stones, high calcium, or parathyroid problems, they should ask a clinician before supplementing.

31/01/2026

Pulse points

30/01/2026

The Nipah virus has drawn global attention following reports of infections and deaths in India, raising concerns about a potential health threat significantly more lethal than COVID-19. Health officials report a staggering fatality rate of 40% to 75%, far exceeding that of the coronavirus. The virus, transmitted by fruit bats and contaminated food, attacks the nervous system and can cause severe encephalitis or coma within 24 to 48 hours.

30/01/2026

Saying "No to To***co" means choosing a healthier, longer life by rejecting ci******es, chewing to***co, and other products, which reduces risks of cancer, heart disease, and lung issues while saving money and protecting loved ones from secondhand smoke. It's a powerful, self-empowering choice that benefits your health, finances, and community, with immediate rewards like improved senses and long-term gains like lower disease risks.

√Why say no to to***co?
•Health: Prevents cancers, heart attacks, strokes, and lung diseases; improves taste, smell, and exercise tolerance.
•Financial: Saves significant money spent on expensive to***co products.
•Appearance: Avoids bad breath, stained teeth, and premature aging.
•Family: Protects loved ones from harmful secondhand smoke.
•Environment: Reduces to***co's negative impact on agriculture and ecosystems.

√How to say no (and quit):
•Get support: Seek help from health facilities or quitlines.
•Be prepared: Understand addiction and have strategies for cravings.
•Make a pledge: Commit to a to***co-free life.
•Educate: Spread awareness about to***co's dangers.
•Choose life: Focus on burning calories, not to***co.

√The rewards of quitting:
•Heart rate and blood pressure decrease.
•Carbon monoxide levels normalize.
•Blood circulation and lung function improve.
•Risk of heart attack and stroke significantly drops.

30/01/2026

Airlines:"Your body can be 100kg over, but your bag can't be even 1kg over."

30/01/2026

24/01/2026

Our brains are wired to pay more attention to negative events than positive ones. This tendency, called the negativity bias, likely developed so our ancestors would quickly spot danger and stay alive. In modern life it shows up when we remember insults more than compliments, focus on bad outcomes despite many good ones, or interpret neutral situations as threats. Because of this wiring, negative experiences punch harder and linger longer than positive ones.

But the good news is that we can learn to shift this pattern. Mindfulness helps by giving us space to observe our thoughts and feelings without getting caught up in them. Over time this practice reduces the brain’s automatic reactivity to negative stimuli and allows more balanced awareness of both positive and negative moments. Similarly, gratitude rewires our attention: by regularly acknowledging what we appreciate we strengthen neural pathways linked to reward and positive emotions, helping counteract the constant pull toward the negative.

In practice that means noticing when you’re stuck on something bad, stepping back and choosing a different focus such as what’s going well or what you’re thankful for. Making this a habit through short daily exercises—like writing down things you’re grateful for or pausing to breathe and observe your reactions—can gradually shift your mental default away from negativity and toward more resilience, clearer perception, and greater emotional stability.

22/01/2026

Reports indicate that Chinese scientists, led by Kaiwa Technology, are developing a "gestation robot" designed to carry a human fetus to term, with a prototype expected to debut in 2026. The project, spearheaded by Dr. Zhang Qifeng, aims to create a humanoid machine equipped with an artificial womb that mimics the maternal environment, including temperature regulation and nutrient delivery.

The estimated cost for this procedure is reportedly around 100,000 yuan ($14,000), a price point intended to make the technology accessible to families struggling with infertility or those who cannot conceive naturally. Proponents argue that this innovation could serve as a crucial solution to China’s deepening demographic crisis and record-low birth rates by offering an alternative to traditional surrogacy.

While the concept sounds futuristic, it builds upon existing research into ectogenesis, such as the "biobag" experiments that successfully sustained premature lambs in 2017. However, this new initiative takes a controversial leap by proposing a full-term gestation within a humanoid machine, raising unprecedented ethical questions about the definition of motherhood and the psychological impact on children born from machines.

Critics and bioethicists have voiced strong concerns, warning that such technology could commodify childbirth and fundamentally alter the natural human bond, while others question the safety and regulatory feasibility of such a rapid timeline. As of now, the company is reportedly in discussions with authorities in Guangdong regarding the legal frameworks necessary to govern this new frontier of reproductive science.