Naturopata Katarzyna Czarnomska

04/12/2025

I💚FSM

Móżdżek.
Mamy na to częstotliwość - i nie wahamy się jej używać😉

"Ludzie nie tracą prawidłowej postawy ciała z powodu słabych mięśni.
Tracą ją, ponieważ zdolność ich mózgu do:
✔ wyczuwania
✔ przewidywania
✔ integrowania
✔ korygowania
✔ stabilizowania
została zaburzona.
Móżdżek jest dyrygentem tej symfonii.
Propriocepcja to informacja przekazywana dyrygentowi.
A postawa ciała jest ostatecznym efektem."

🧠 THE CEREBELLUM, POSTURE & PROPRIOCEPTION:

How Your Brain Creates Stability — And What Happens When It Fails

At The Functional Neurology Center, we meet thousands of patients who come to us saying:

“I feel unsteady.”
“I don’t trust my balance.”
“I feel like I’m drifting or tilting.”
“My posture collapses the moment I stop thinking about it.”
“My body doesn’t know where it is in space.”

These symptoms rarely start in the muscles.
They almost always start in the brain—specifically, in the cerebellum and the proprioceptive systems that feed into it.

And new research from the Journal of Neuroscience (2025) confirms exactly what we see daily:

👉 The cerebellum is the master controller of posture, balance, gravity processing, and spatial orientation.
👉 It uses proprioception as its primary data source.
👉 When these signals become distorted—after concussion, neck injury, chronic pain, autonomic dysfunction, or sensory mismatch—the entire postural system destabilizes.

Let’s break down what this means, why it happens, and how we rebuild it at theFNC.

⸻

🧭 1. The Cerebellum: Your Body’s Internal GPS

Every millisecond of your life, the cerebellum is computing:
• Where is your body relative to gravity?
• How fast are you moving?
• Which muscles need to tighten or relax?
• How do the eyes, ears, and neck align to maintain stability?
• What posture should you adopt RIGHT NOW?

This system works so quickly and automatically that you don’t consciously feel it.
But when it breaks down, you feel it everywhere.

The cerebellum relies on three sensory systems to map your body in space:

✔ Vestibular (inner ear) — detects gravity, acceleration, movement

✔ Proprioception — detects body/joint/muscle position

✔ Vision — provides environmental and spatial reference

The cerebellum blends these signals into a stable internal model — a real-time GPS-like map.

That map IS posture.
Posture is not “standing up straight.”
It is how the brain organizes your body in gravity.

⸻

🦴 2. Proprioception: The Hidden Sense That Builds Your Posture

Proprioception is your brain’s ability to sense:
• joint position
• muscle tension
• ligament stretch
• fascial tension
• trunk alignment
• head and neck position
• weight distribution
• sway direction
• micro-movements

The cerebellum uses proprioception to maintain:
• upright posture
• balance
• coordination
• gait stability
• muscle tone
• spinal alignment
• reflexive control
• eye–head integration
• spatial orientation

When proprioception becomes distorted (injury, pain, inflammation, disuse, stress, poor movement patterns), the cerebellum loses its main source of “truth data.”

When the map becomes blurry → posture becomes unstable.

You can stretch muscles all day long, but if the proprioceptive map is wrong, the body will never stabilize.

⸻

🧩 3. The 2025 Breakthrough: How the Vermis Computes Posture

The 2025 Journal of Neuroscience study revealed:

🔹 The anterior vermis

controls trunk, spine, and limb posture, especially during movement.

🔹 The posterior vermis (nodulus/uvula)

computes gravity orientation, self-motion, and balance strategies.

🔹 Purkinje cells integrate vestibular + proprioceptive input

to calculate real-time adjustments to posture and center-of-gravity.

🔹 The cerebellum suppresses reflexes during voluntary movement

so posture can remain stable while you move freely.

If this suppression fails → stiff movement, robotic gait, dizziness when walking.

🔹 The cerebellum predicts motion BEFORE it happens

This predictive ability is why you can walk, catch, turn, or bend without falling.

If prediction fails → patients feel unsafe, hesitant, or unsteady.

This research validates exactly why our FNC patients often improve dramatically when we target cerebellar-proprioceptive integration.

⸻

🌀 4. When This System Fails, Symptoms Appear Everywhere

When the cerebellum and proprioceptive systems lose calibration, patients can experience:

Balance + Postural Symptoms
• unsteady or wide-based gait
• frequent stumbling
• poor postural endurance
• collapsing posture after minutes
• swaying or drifting sensations

Visual–Vestibular Symptoms
• motion sensitivity
• visual lag or bouncing vision
• difficulty turning the head while walking
• intolerance to busy environments

Neck + Spine Symptoms
• chronic head-forward posture
• cervical tightness
• upper cervical instability
• pain that doesn’t respond to typical care

Neurological Symptoms
• dizziness or vertigo
• disorientation
• “floating” sensation
• brain fog
• anxiety during movement or driving

These are not “weak muscles.”
These are faulty brain maps.

⸻

🔧 5. How We Rebuild Cerebellum–Posture–Proprioception at theFNC

Our approach is unique because we restore not just movement — but the neurological computations behind movement.

We use:

🧠 Cerebellar Activation & Calibration
• flocculonodular activation
• vermis-driven postural strategies
• visual–vestibular–cervical integration
• predictive movement retraining

🦴 Proprioceptive Recalibration
• cervical joint-position error training
• laser tracking and sensorimotor retraining
• postural reflex integration
• limb proprioception restoration
• fascia-driven sensory input drills

👁️ Head–Eye–Neck Coordination
• VOR training
• optokinetic exposure
• eye–head tracking drills
• gaze stability development

🌀 Dynamic Posture Training
• perturbation training
• balance platform integration
• walking and turning retraining
• trunk stabilization in motion

🔬 Neuromodulation Technology (FNC)
• ARPwave cervical + trunk neuromodulation
• Erchonia Class II LLLT
• PEMF
• Ciatrix craniospinal rhythmic integration
• Motion-based therapies
• Virtual reality vestibular programs
• Postural sensory-mapping tools

🏃 Gait & Movement Repatterning
• rhythmicity restoration
• trunk–pelvis–cervical chaining
• coordination retraining
• reflexive stability

This is why patients travel to FNC from across the country — because we focus on the brain-driven origins of posture and balance, not just the symptoms.

⸻

🌟 **6. The Big Picture:

Posture Is Not a Position — It Is a Brain Function**

People don’t lose posture because their muscles are weak.
They lose posture because their brain’s ability to:

✔ sense
✔ predict
✔ integrate
✔ correct
✔ stabilize

has been disrupted.

The cerebellum is the conductor of this symphony.
Proprioception is the information feeding the conductor.
And posture is the final performance.

When these systems are restored — balance improves, dizziness fades, movement becomes effortless, and patients regain control of their bodies and their lives.

⸻

💬 If you are struggling with balance, posture, dizziness, or proprioception issues, there is HOPE.

Our team at The Functional Neurology Center is here to help rebuild the neurological systems that help you feel grounded, stable, and confident in your body again.

📩 Email: info@theFNC.com
🌐 Visit: TheFNC.com
📍 Minnetonka, MN
There is HOPE.

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/45/

03/12/2025

Odpowiednie jedzenie ma fundamentalne znaczenie dla zdrowia.
Zwłaszcza po urazie.
Po urazie mózgu również.
UNIKAJ WSZELKIEGO śmieciowego, wysoce przetworzonego jedzenia!!

Twoje ciało po urazie mózgu potrzebuje stabilnego poziomu glukozy, dobrych antyoksydantów, przeciwzapalnego rodzaju pożywienia.

03/12/2025

ADHD.
ADHD NIE JEST WADĄ CHARAKTERU — TO UKŁAD NERWOWY, KTÓRY WYMAGA TRENINGU.

ADHD, the Brain, and Functional Neurology: A Deep Dive Into Neurophysiology, Arousal Systems, and Brain-Body Integration at theFNC

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most misunderstood neurological conditions. For decades it was framed as a “behavioral” or “attention” disorder — but modern neuroscience paints a very different picture.

ADHD is a network-based brain condition, involving measurable differences in:
• Brain development
• Functional connectivity
• Sensory integration
• Autonomic regulation
• Arousal systems
• Eye-movement control
• Cerebellar timing
• Frontal-lobe executive processing
• And even pupil symmetry and complexity, as shown in the Nature study (2021)

At theFNC, we approach ADHD from the perspective of pure brain function — how networks communicate, how sensory systems regulate the body, and how the brain organizes attention, inhibition, and behavior.

This is why we see powerful improvements when we focus on network rehabilitation, sensory-motor integration, and autonomic balance — not just symptom management.

⸻

THE SCIENCE: What Neuroscience Now Knows About ADHD

1. ADHD Is a Disorder of Network Connectivity — Not Motivation

Advanced MRI and functional imaging demonstrate consistent patterns:
• Altered structural development in the prefrontal cortex
• Changes in frontotemporal networks
• Reduced integrity in basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuits
• Immature or delayed development of frontal–cerebellar loops
• Altered functioning of the Default Mode Network (DMN), leading to mental “drift”
• Difficulty transitioning between networks needed for task engagement

This means ADHD brains are wired differently, not “lacking discipline.”

⸻

2. Autonomic & Arousal Systems Are Core to ADHD — and Now We Can Measure Them

The 2021 Nature Scientific Reports study (Nobukawa et al.) changed the conversation. It found that adults with ADHD had:
• Larger baseline pupil diameter
• Lower complexity in pupil fluctuation (reduced adaptability)
• Increased asymmetry between the left and right eye

This matters because pupil size is regulated by:
• The locus coeruleus (LC) — the brain’s norepinephrine center
• Sympathetic/parasympathetic autonomic balance
• Frontal cortical projections that help regulate arousal
• The brainstem reticular activating system (RAS)

This study supports what functional neurologists have seen for years:

ADHD involves dysregulation of brainstem arousal circuits that affect focus, impulse control, sensory gating, and emotional stability.

These are trainable systems.

⸻

3. Eye Movements Reveal ADHD Better Than Behavior Questionnaires

Dozens of studies show that ADHD is associated with:
• Increased saccadic intrusions
• Poor anti-saccade performance (inhibitory control)
• Impaired fixation stability
• Slow or inaccurate smooth pursuits
• Reduced vergence capacity
• Increased visual motion sensitivity

Why does this matter?

Because eye movements are a direct reflection of frontal lobe, cerebellar, and brainstem function — the exact networks implicated in ADHD.

When we train these networks at theFNC, we often see significant improvements in:
• Attention
• Impulse control
• Working memory
• Learning
• Emotional regulation
• Speed of processing

The eyes are not separate from ADHD. They are part of the ADHD network.

⸻

4. Cerebellar Timing, ADHD, and Sensory Integration

Modern research highlights a major cerebellar component in ADHD:
• The cerebellum controls timing, rhythm, prediction, error correction, and motor planning
• ADHD brains often show reduced activation or delayed development of key cerebellar regions
• The cerebellum helps regulate attention switching and goal-directed behavior
• Cerebellar dysfunction leads to “noisy signaling,” disorganized output, and difficulty maintaining consistent mental states

This ties directly to:
• Fidgeting
• Hyperactivity
• Difficulty sitting still
• Poor timing in speech or movement
• Emotional dysregulation
• Trouble staying on task

At theFNC, cerebellar rehabilitation is one of the most powerful tools we use in ADHD care.

⸻

5. ADHD and Sensory Processing: The Missing Link in Most Clinics

Many individuals with ADHD have sensory processing differences:
• Hypersensitivity to sound, light, or motion
• Difficulty filtering out background stimuli
• Over-reactivity or under-reactivity to sensory input
• Impaired proprioception and joint awareness
• Poor vestibular integration and body-in-space perception
• Difficulty with multi-step motor tasks

This sensory dysregulation fuels:
• Distractibility
• Irritability
• Meltdowns
• Inability to focus
• Emotional swings
• Avoidance of certain environments

These are brain-based sensory integration issues, not behavioral problems.

And this is where functional neurology excels.

⸻

HOW theFNC TREATS ADHD: Our Neurofunctional Framework

We go far deeper than a typical neurological or psychological evaluation. Our ADHD assessments explore multiple systems:

⸻

1. Functional Neurological Exam

We assess:
• Eye movements (saccades, pursuits, optokinetics, fixation stability)
• Vestibular function (head impulse, VOR, balance, vection)
• Cerebellar integrity (timing, coordination, dysmetria)
• Autonomic function (HRV, breath patterns, pupil symmetry)
• Motor sequencing and gait
• Frontal-lobe executive tasks
• Sensory integration patterns
• Cognitive load responses

This helps us map the exact network patterns involved.

⸻

2. Pupillometry & Autonomic Testing

Inspired by the 2021 Nature study, we assess:
• Pupil diameter
• Pupil complexity
• Pupil reactivity
• Sympathetic/parasympathetic balance
• Light reactivity fatigue
• Eye-to-eye asymmetry

This reveals a real-time window into the locus-coeruleus–autonomic-frontal network.

⸻

3. Oculomotor Rehabilitation

A core treatment for ADHD:
• Anti-saccade inhibition training
• Predictive tracking
• Fixation stability
• Gaze-holding circuits
• Vergence and depth-perception training
• Smooth pursuit recalibration
• Visual attention layering

This strengthens the frontal lobes, cerebellum, and attention networks simultaneously.

⸻

4. Vestibular–Cerebellar Rehabilitation

Using tools like:
• Head-eye-body coordination
• Rhythmic vestibular stimulation
• Balance training
• Gait rhythmicity
• Vection and motion integration
• Multisensory timing drills

These protocols stabilize the networks governing timing, inhibition, and focus.

⸻

5. Autonomic Nervous System Training

We retrain the arousal systems involved in ADHD using:
• Breathwork patterns
• Light stimulation
• Physiological sequencing
• Balance + cognition tasks
• Postural reflex retraining
• Sensory gating exercises

This directly targets the locus coeruleus and brainstem centers implicated in the pupil research.

⸻

6. Cognitive-Executive Function Integration

We layer cognition on top of sensory/motor rehab:
• Dual-tasking
• Working memory tasks
• Rapid attention shifts
• Targeted inhibition training
• Problem-solving while balancing or tracking
• Timing and rhythm exercises

This builds superior real-world executive function.

⸻

7. Technology Integration

Depending on the patient:
• Virtual reality/AR for visual-vestibular engagement
• Gait training with cognitive load
• Motion platforms
• Low-level laser stimulation
• Neuromodulation (ARPwave/microcurrent)
• Sensory feedback systems

This boosts neuroplastic change and network stability.

⸻

THE RESULTS: What Patients Experience at theFNC

Many ADHD patients who come to theFNC describe:
• Feeling overwhelmed by noise or movement
• Trouble organizing tasks
• Difficulty following multi-step instructions
• A sense of “mental chaos” or “overstimulation”
• Emotional reactivity
• Poor sleep or inconsistent energy
• Hyperfocus followed by burnout

After care at theFNC, patients frequently report:
• Better focus and sustained attention
• More even emotional regulation
• Improved reading and learning
• Less distractibility and mental fatigue
• Increased confidence and performance
• A calmer mind and more predictable energy
• A sense of “control” over their brain
• More organized thinking and planning

Not because we changed behavior —
but because we changed the brain networks that produce behavior.

⸻

ADHD IS NOT A CHARACTER DEFECT — IT IS A NEURAL SYSTEM THAT NEEDS TRAINING.

The Functional Neurology Center is one of the few clinics in the world equipped to assess ADHD at the sensory-motor-autonomic-executive level — and train those networks back into synchrony.

If you or your child is dealing with ADHD symptoms, learning challenges, attention issues, emotional dysregulation, or sensory overwhelm:

👉 Visit theFNC.com or call us to learn more.

👉 There is HOPE.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88191-x

03/12/2025

I💚FSM

Bohaterem tego wpisu jest łąkotka.
Bardzo wnikliwy i ciekawy opis tej skromnej struktury o tak fundamentalnym znaczeniu.
Nic w ludzkim ciele nie jest tam przypadkiem, wszystko ma do spełnienia swoją rolę - choć zapewne nie wszystko jeszcze wiemy.

W świecie FSM to /214 - i można tu zdziałać dużo dobrego.

Przyjemnej lektury.
Za: Fascianistapl-Marcin Absalon

ŚRODA Z ANATOMIĄ — ŁĄKOTKA PRZYŚRODKOWA

Łąkotka nie jest „podkładką” amortyzującą. To aktywna, dynamiczna fibrochrząstka, precyzyjnie zaprojektowana do przenoszenia ogromnych przeciążeń, stabilizacji kolana i ochrony chrząstki.

Jej skład to nie przypadek
W 70% składa się z wody, dzięki czemu może adaptować się do kompresji i odkształceń.
Pozostałe elementy to głównie:
• kolagen typu I (dominujący),
• niewielkie ilości kolagenu typu II,
• proteoglikany (głównie agrekan),
• elastyna,
• oraz oczywiście fibrochondrocyty — komórki odpowiedzialne za utrzymanie macierzy.
Ta kompozycja daje łąkotce sprężystość, odporność na tarcie i zdolność do przenoszenia sił, które w trakcie chodu potrafią przekraczać kilkukrotność masy ciała.

Łąkotka jest anizotropowa, czyli jej właściwości zależą od kierunku działającej siły. I słusznie: siły w kolanie też nie działają „jednym torem”.

Włókna okrężne
Najważniejsze. Dominują w warstwach głębszych.
Ich zadania:
• przenoszenie kompresji na rozciąganie (hoop stress),
• utrzymanie kształtu łąkotki pod obciążeniem,
• dystrybucja sił po większej powierzchni stawu.

To właśnie przerwanie ciągłości tych włókien odpowiada za niestabilne pęknięcia pionowe.

Włókna promieniste
Bardziej powierzchowne.
Łączą pakiety okrężne i zapobiegają ich „rozjeżdżaniu się”.
To dlatego przy uszkodzeniach promienistych (radial tear) łąkotka traci swoją funkcję, mimo że często „nie wygląda źle” na MRI.

Włókna nieregularne powierzchowne

Warstwa zewnętrzna ma włókna biegnące w różnych kierunkach — działają jak bariera chroniąca przed ścieraniem.

Fibrochondrocyty – cisi bohaterowie

Ich gęstość i typ różnią się w zależności od strefy.
W części obwodowej bardziej przypominają fibroblasty, a w części wewnętrznej — chondrocyty.
To ważne, bo warunkuje to potencjał regeneracji i odpowiedź na uraz.

Unaczynienie, unerwienie i realne szanse na gojenie

To jest bardzo ciekawy punkt w zrozumieniu leczenia łąkotki.

🔴 Strefa czerwona – obwodowa, dobrze ukrwiona

– najlepsze warunki do gojenia,
– najwięcej naczyń i zakończeń nerwowych,
– tutaj ma sens szycie łąkotki (red–red).

🔴⚪ Strefa czerwono–biała

– pośredni potencjał gojenia,
– szycie nadal rekomendowane, choć powodzenie zależy od wieku i jakości tkanki.

⚪ Strefa biała – centralna

– praktycznie brak unaczynienia i unerwienia,
– słaba zdolność regeneracji,
– tutaj częściej rozważa się partial meniscectomy, jeśli objawy są istotne.

To dlatego dwóch pacjentów z „identycznym pęknięciem na MRI” może wymagać zupełnie innego leczenia — liczy się strefa.

Funkcja, o której mało się mówi — stabilizacja kolana

Łąkotka przyśrodkowa współpracuje z:
• więzadłem pobocznym przyśrodkowym (MCL),
• torebką stawową,
• korzeniem tylnym łąkotki (medial meniscus posterior root).

W przypadku uszkodzenia korzenia tylnego — kolano traci zdolność przenoszenia obciążeń i chrząstka zaczyna się szybciej degenerować.

Co to oznacza klinicznie (zarówno dla terapeuty, jak i pacjenta)?
• Uszkodzenia okrężne i pionowe → lepiej się goją niż promieniste.
• Pęknięcie w strefie białej → mała szansa na samodzielną regenerację.
• Uszkodzenia korzenia → duże ryzyko wczesnej gonartrozy.
• Po szyciu łąkotki → kluczowa jest kontrola kompresji i rotacji w pierwszych tygodniach.
• Rehabilitacja musi uwzględniać orientację włókien, bo inne siły szkodzą, inne pomagają w adaptacji.

Łąkotka nie jest bierną strukturą, którą można „wyciąć i po sprawie”.
To tkanka o skomplikowanej architekturze, od której zależy:
• biomechanika kolana,
• dystrybucja sił,
• stabilizacja,
• zdrowie chrząstki,
• tempo powstawania zmian zwyrodnieniowych.

Źródło : The basic science of human knee menisci: structure, composition, and function
Alice J S Fox et al. Sports Health. 2012 Jul.


Pozdrawiam serdecznie
Marcin Absalon

02/12/2025

Poezja dotyku.🙏
Poezja masażu.🙏

"W tej poezji tkwi nauka. Powolne, celowe ruchy aktywują przywspółczulny układ nerwowy, umożliwiając rozciąganie mięśni bez oporu. Drgania i ruchy spiralne stymulują receptory Paciniego i Ruffiniego, wysyłając sygnały uspokajające przez nerw błędny. Długie, płynne ruchy pomagają zreorganizować włókna kolagenowe i przywrócić gładkość warstwom powięziowym. Ruchy wykonywane w rytmie oddechu zwiększają poziom tlenku azotu, naturalnego środka rozszerzającego naczynia krwionośne, który poprawia krążenie i pomaga zmiękczyć tkanki od wewnątrz."

Riding the Fascial Wave

There are moments during a session when the work stops feeling like technique and becomes more like a moving meditation. My hands follow the breath, and the tissues respond in waves. The whole room exhales as if guided by an invisible tide. What happens on the table begins to resemble the ancient rhythm of Qi Gong, a gentle dance between intention and surrender, a quiet conversation between two bodies finding their way into the same current.

Qi Gong is rooted in the belief that life moves in cycles of expansion and contraction. A rise and a fall. A gathering and a releasing. Myofascial Flow mirrors this exactly. As the hands glide, melt, anchor, and pull, the fascia responds with its own internal choreography. Collagen fibers unravel. Ground substance warms and becomes more fluid. Mechanoreceptors awaken and begin sending ripples of information through the nervous system. What looks like simple movement becomes a profound recalibration.

There is science woven through this poetry. Slow, intentional movement activates the parasympathetic nervous system, allowing muscles to lengthen without resistance. Oscillation and spiraling motions stimulate Pacinian and Ruffini receptors, sending calming signals through the vagus nerve. Long, fluid strokes help reorganize collagen fibers and restore glide in the fascial layers. Breath-led movement increases nitric oxide, a natural vasodilator that enhances circulation and helps tissues soften from the inside out.

When we combine these elements on the table, we create an experience where the body does not feel forced into change. It is invited. Encouraged. Guided. Fascia responds far more deeply to coaxing than to command, just as qi responds more readily to intention than to effort. The practitioner becomes a conduit for rhythm, and the client’s body recognizes the pattern, relaxing into the familiar hum of movement and breath.

There is a profound ease that happens when these worlds meet. Together they create a practice that is both grounding and expansive, both earthly and ethereal. This is why my work often resembles a slow dance. There is push and pull, ebb and flow, rising and sinking. My hands follow the same principles that Qi Gong masters have practiced for thousands of years, even as my understanding is rooted in mechanotransduction, tissue viscosity, and neural pacing: different languages, different traditions, the same truth.

01/12/2025

I💚FSM

Twoi pacjenci nie są „tajemniczymi przypadkami”.
Są systemami przekazującymi informacje.

FSM uczy, jak odczytywać sygnały — i zmieniać wyniki.

Już przyszłym roku na przełomie sierpnia i września w Polsce odbędą się dwa szkolenia FSM prowadzone przez dr Carolyn McMakin:
26-30 sierpnia FSM Core
3-5 sierpnia FSM Advanced
Jeśli chcesz dowiedzieć się co to za metoda, zapraszam do kontaktu/
Możesz również zapoznać się z -przetłumaczoną przeze mnie i wydaną na polskim rynku książką: "efekt Rezonansu. Jak mikroprądy o specyficznych częstotliwościach zmieniają medycynę"
Opisuje ona w przystępny sposób mechanizmy i obszary działania terapeutycznego FSM.
Możesz ją kupić tu:
www.wydawnictwo.makagama.pl/produkt/efekt-rezonansu

30/11/2025

I💚FSM

Wstrząs mózgu to złożony uraz, który może dawać odległe w czasie i pozornie niezwiązane z wydarzeniem objawy.

Dlatego terapeuta FSM patrzy na wstrząs mózgu z szerszej i głębszej perspektywy, nawet jak nie pojawiły się typowe dla tego zdarzenia objawy.

"Większość osób słyszy, że objawy wstrząsu mózgu powinny ustąpić w ciągu kilku tygodni.
Jednak badania neurologiczne pokazują, że uraz mózgu wyzwala głęboki, długotrwały i złożony biologicznie proces, który trwa znacznie dłużej niż początkowe wstrząśnienie."

🧠 Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery: What Really Happens in the Brain — and Why Patients From Across the USA Come to The Functional Neurology Center

Featuring expanded scientific insights from the peer-reviewed article: “Revisiting Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions” (Biomedicines, 2020)

Every week we sit with patients who say:

“I know something is wrong with my brain, but no one can tell me what or why.”

“It’s been months—sometimes years—and I still don’t feel like myself.”

This paper helps validate exactly what you’re experiencing.

Most people are told that concussion symptoms should resolve in a couple of weeks.
But neuroscience shows that brain injury triggers a deep, ongoing, biologically complex process that extends well beyond the initial hit.

The Biomedicines article explains why this happens—and why our multi-system approach to neurorehabilitation works.

⸻

🔬 TBI Isn’t Only the Impact — It’s a Multi-Phase, Multi-System Disorder

The article divides TBI effects into two phases:

1️⃣ Primary Injury – The Immediate Mechanical Damage

This includes:
• Axonal stretching
• Shearing forces
• Microvascular disruption
• Mechanical distortion of brain tissue
• Ion channel disruption

This phase lasts seconds to minutes.

But this is NOT what causes most long-term symptoms.

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2️⃣ Secondary Injury – The Ongoing Biological Cascade

This is where patients experience persistent dizziness, visual motion sensitivity, cognitive fog, autonomic problems, and emotional dysregulation.

The article breaks down several key mechanisms:

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🔥 EXCITOTOXICITY: The Brain Becomes Overstimulated

After TBI, glutamate—a major excitatory neurotransmitter—is released excessively.

This leads to:
• Overactivation of NMDA and AMPA receptors
• Calcium influx into neurons
• Mitochondrial overload
• Compromised cell membranes
• Impaired synaptic signaling

This process is linked to:
• Dizziness
• Visual strain
• Overstimulation in busy environments
• Difficulty reading
• Head pressure
• Cognitive fatigue

Your brain is literally overstimulated at the cellular level.

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⚡ MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION: Energy Failures After Injury

The article emphasizes that mitochondria are deeply affected.

Post-TBI, mitochondria experience:
• Reduced ATP production
• Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS)
• Swelling and membrane permeability changes
• Reduced capacity to maintain metabolic demands
• Lower energy reserves for eye movement, posture, and sensory processing

This leads to:
• Brain fog
• Fatigue
• Difficulty tolerating visual motion
• Poor endurance for cognitive work
• Exacerbation of dizziness with head movement

Mitochondria control the ability of your brain to adapt and heal.
When they malfunction, everything feels harder.

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🧱 BLOOD–BRAIN BARRIER DISRUPTION: Inflammation Enters Where It Shouldn’t

The BBB normally protects the brain from toxins and inflammation.

Post-TBI, the article describes:
• Tight junction breakdown
• Increased permeability
• Entry of cytokines and inflammatory mediators
• Activation of glial cells
• Fluid accumulation (edema)
• Vascular dysregulation

These changes contribute to:
• Chronic headaches
• Pressure inside the head
• Autonomic instability
• Light/noise sensitivity
• Brain fog
• Heightened emotional reactivity

Most patients have never been told their blood–brain barrier is involved.

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🧠 NEUROINFLAMMATION: The Brain’s Immune System Becomes Hyperactive

The article goes deep into the inflammatory response.

After TBI, microglia (the brain’s immune cells):
• Become chronically activated
• Release TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6
• Trigger oxidative stress
• Alter synaptic plasticity
• Interfere with cerebellar and vestibular circuits
• Promote neurodegeneration if unresolved

This persistent inflammation is directly linked to:
• Vestibular hypersensitivity
• Cognitive impairments
• Anxiety-like symptoms
• Sleep disruption
• Decreased neuroplasticity
• Slower recovery

Neuroinflammation is one of the most powerful contributors to long-term symptoms.

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💀 CELL DEATH & SYNAPTIC LOSS

Due to the above processes, neurons may undergo:
• Apoptosis: programmed cell death
• Necrosis: uncontrolled cell damage
• Wallerian degeneration: axonal decay
• Synaptic pruning: loss of communication points

This is not “mental stress.”
This is structural and functional change at the cellular level.

This affects:
• Gaze stability
• Head/neck coordination
• Balance and gait
• Visual processing
• Autonomic stability
• Cognitive speed and clarity

This is why symptoms feel so physical, unpredictable, and overwhelming.

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🧩 THE PAPER ALSO DISCUSSES KEY MOLECULES & PATHWAYS INVOLVED

Including:
• Cytochrome c release
• Caspase activation
• Microtubule disruption
• Free radical accumulation
• MAPK pathways
• Calcium-dependent enzymes
• Aquaporin regulation (impacting swelling)
• Neurofilament degradation

Each of these affects the brain’s ability to stabilize vision, balance, posture, and sensory input.

These aren’t abstract biochemical events.
They directly impact your day-to-day life.

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🧬 TIMELINES OF DAMAGE: WHY SYMPTOMS LAST

The article explains that:
• Calcium dysregulation lasts days to weeks
• Mitochondrial dysfunction lasts weeks to months
• Neuroinflammation can last months to years
• Axonal degeneration can be ongoing indefinitely
• BBB disruption may persist chronically in some individuals

This is why rest alone is NOT enough.
You must retrain the systems that have been disrupted.

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🌎 HOW THE FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGY CENTER ADDRESSES THESE MECHANISMS

We help patients by targeting the systems most impacted by the secondary injury cascade:
• Vestibular rehabilitation to restore motion tolerance and head stability
• Visual-motor and oculomotor rehabilitation to stabilize gaze and reduce visual overwhelm
• Cervical proprioceptive rehab to fix neck-brain communication errors
• Neuromodulation (ARPwave, microcurrent, TENS, laser) to influence neuroinflammation and neural timing
• Sensorimotor integration drills to repair cerebellar and brainstem pathways
• Autonomic retraining to stabilize dizziness, heart rate, and anxiety-like symptoms
• Balance & gait rehab to rebuild postural reflexes
• Multisensory coordination exercises to reconnect networks affected by inflammation and axonal injury

We do not treat symptoms.
We treat the systems and networks that create the symptoms.

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🚀 OUR INTENSIVE PROGRAMS (5-DAY, 8-DAY, 10-DAY) ARE BUILT FOR COMPLEX CASES

Patients come because:
• They’ve plateaued in traditional therapy
• They’ve seen multiple specialists with no answers
• They need multi-system rehabilitation
• They need a program that integrates vestibular, visual, cervical, autonomic, and cognitive circuits together

We provide multiple therapy sessions per day with continuous reassessment.
This creates rapid neuroplastic changes that patients can feel.

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🌟 YOUR BRAIN CAN CHANGE — EVEN YEARS AFTER THE INJURY

The article emphasizes that neuroplasticity is ongoing.
With the right stimulation, systems that have been disrupted can reorganize.

Even if:
• It’s been years
• Your scans are normal
• Doctors couldn’t find anything
• Traditional therapy didn’t help

There is still hope.

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📞 IF YOU WANT ANSWERS, WE ARE HERE FOR YOU

We work with individuals from across the USA and internationally.

📧 info@theFNC.com
📞 612-223-8590
🌐 theFNC.com

You deserve a team that understands the science behind your symptoms — and knows how to help your brain heal.