Saudi Nursing Assiciation, Riyadh (2026)

نحن أعضاء اللجنة التأسيسية للجمعية السعودية المهنية للتمريض نسعى وفق ما يقره النظام السعودي للائحة انشاء الجمعيات المهنية الصحية، لإنشاء جمعية سعودية مهنية احترافية مرخصة لخدمة مهنة ومنسوبي التمريض في المملكة العربية السعودية. هذا وبناءاً على ما جاء في طي القواعد التنظيمية والإطار العام للائحة الأساسية للجمعيات العلمية والصحية فإننا ننتظم عبر ما سنقدمه ببنود التأسيس وفق المواد التي حوتها اللائحة التي تقرها الهيئة السعودية للتخصصات الصحية. آملين وكما هي أهداف هيئتنا السعودية للتخصصات الصحية مع كافة الأخصائيين المهنيين الصحيين دعمنا بالمشورة والتوجيه لإنشاء و من ثمّ تطوير وتفعيل مشاركة جمعيتنا المهنية لما فيه خير ومصلحة عموم منسوبي التمريض بالسعودية أسوةً بما هو معمول به في أنظمة التمريض العالمية.

08/02/2015

Respiratory Acidosis

Clinical presentation:

- Cardiovascular:
Hypotension
Delayed cardiac conduction that can lead to heart block, peaked T waves, prolonged PR intervals, and widened QRS complexes
Peripheral vasodilation with thready, weak pulse
Tachycardia
Warm, flushed skin

- Respiratory:
Dyspnea, may have hypoventilation with hypoxia

- CNS:
Headache, seizures, altered mental status, papilledema, muscle twitching, drowsiness -> coma

-Diagnostics:
Decreased pH, elevated PaCO2
Hyperkalemia.

- Compensation:
Increased rate and depth of respirations to blow off CO2
Kidneys eliminate H ions and retain HCO3
HCO3 levels rise when body attempts to compensate
With partial compensation, pH remains decreased
With full compensation, pH returns to normal

- Priority Nursing Diagnoses:
Ineffective breathing pattern R/T hypoventilation
Impaired gas exchange R/T alveolar hypoventilation
Sensory-perceptual alterations R/T acid-base alterations
Anxiety R/T breathlessness
Risk for injury R/T decreased LOC
Risk for decreased CO R/T dysrhythmias

- Management:
Treatment directed at underlying cause and improving ventilation
Implement pulmonary hygiene measures
Provide adequate fluid intake
Administer supplemental oxygen cautiously in client with chronic respiratory acidosis
Mechanical ventilation if necessary

- Planning and Implementation:
Assess respiratory rate and depth
Monitor for complications and response
Assess for tachycardia and irregularities
Monitor ECG for dysrhythmias
Monitor serum electrolytes and ABGs
Administer oxygen as indicated and ordered

- Planning and Implementation:
Administer medications as ordered and indicated:
Bronchodilators to decrease bronchospasm
Antibiotics to treat infections
Respiratory agents to decrease viscosity of secretions
Anticoagulants and thrombolytics
Provide good oral hygiene frequently
Maintain safe positioning

- Planning and Implementation:
Keep a calm, quiet environment
Assess for cyanosis
Orient confused client frequently
Position to facilitate maximum lung expansion
Provide adequate fluid intake

08/02/2015

Respiratory Alkalosis

- Clinical Presentation
Cardiovascular:
Increased myocardial irritability, palpitations
Increased HR

- Respiratory:
Rapid, shallow breathing
Chest tightness and palpitations

Clinical presentation
CNS:
Dizziness, anxiety, panic, tetany, convulsions, difficulty concentrating, blurred vision, numbness and tingling in extremities, hyperactive reflexes

Diagnostic findings:
High pH, low PaCO2
Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia

Compensation:
Kidneys conserve H and excrete HCO3
Low HCO3 indicates body’s attempt to compensate
With partial compensation, pH is elevated
With full compensation, pH returns to normal

Priority nursing diagnoses:
Sensory perceptual alterations R/T neurological deficits
Altered thought processes R/T altered cerebral functioning
Ineffective breathing pattern R/T hyperventilation
Risk for injury R/T weakness, seizures

Management:
Treat underlying cause
Rebreathe CO2 using a rebreather mask or paper bag
Give oxygen if hypoxic
Medicate as needed with antianxiety drugs

Planning and Implementation:
Provide support and reassurance
Monitor VS and ABGs
Assist client to breathe slowly
Provide paper bag or rebreather mask
Protect from injury
Administer antianxiety medications and monitor response

08/02/2015

ABG interpretation steps:

Step.1 look at the PaO2 level (Does the level of PaO2 show hypoxemia)?
Step.2 look at the pH level , (Is the pH level on the acid or alkaline side of 7,40)?
Step.3look at the PaCO2 level (Does the PaCO2 level show respiratory acidosis, alkalosis, or normalcy)?
Step.4 look at the HCO3 level (Does the HCO3 show metabolic acidosis, alkalosis, or normalcy)?
Step.5 look back at the pH level (Does the pH show a compensated condition)?

- Look at PaO2
Reflects 3% of total oxygen in blood
Normal range 80-100 mmHg at sea level; lower at higher elevations
Abnormally low PaO2 = hypoxemia
At any age, PaO2 lower than 40 mmHg represents a life-threatening situation

Note: ABGs are based on normals for healthy adults at sea level. Newborns have a lower PaO2, as do older adults. From ages 60-90, an older adult’s PaO2 decreases 10 mmHg per decade. Pts w/ chronic lung dxs may have a PaO2 of 60 mmHg and a PaCO2 of 50 mmHg as baseline. Attempts to return to ‘normal’ would be catastrophic for these clients.

For an individual receiving oxygen therapy, the PaO2 should rise approximately 50 mmHg for each 10 percent rise in oxygen concentration.

- Look at pH
Normal 7.35-7.45
Below 7.35 = Acidosis
Higher than 7.45 = Alkalosis

- Look at PaCO2
Indicates whether the client can ventilate well enough to rid the body of waste products from metabolism
Normal 35-45 mmHg
Less than 35, alkalosis
Greater than 45, acidosis

Causes: Alveolar hyperventilation, hypoxia, anxiety, PE, pregnancy, hyperventilation with mechanical ventilator, compensatory mechanism to metabolic acidosis, head injury, fever, fear, pain

note: Less than 35, alkalosis.
Causes: Alveolar hyperventilation, hypoxia, anxiety, PE, pregnancy, hyperventilation with mechanical ventilator, compensatory mechanism to metabolic acidosis, head injury, fever, fear, pain.

Acidosis (acute) causes: alveolar hypoventilation, respiratory depression, oversedation, drug overdose, head injury, decreased ventilation, respiratory muscle fatigue, neuromuscular disease, mechanical ventilation w/ underventilation, altered diffusion / ventilation – perfusion mismatch from pulmonary edema, severe atelectasis, pneumonia, severe bronchospasm. Chronic acidosis causes usually COPD

Address

Riyadh

Telephone

+966507342331

Website

http://www.sna-p.com/

Alerts

Be the first to know and let us send you an email when Saudi Nursing Assiciation posts news and promotions. Your email address will not be used for any other purpose, and you can unsubscribe at any time.

Contact The Practice

Send a message to Saudi Nursing Assiciation:

Saudi Nursing Assiciation

08/02/2015

08/02/2015

08/02/2015

Address

Telephone

Website

Alerts

Contact The Practice

Shortcuts

Share

Category