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Urine Examination ).
26/02/2026

Urine Examination
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What is the Picture ? Share Knowledge and Answer questions for Hematology and all Medical Technology ).
26/02/2026

What is the Picture ?

Share Knowledge and Answer questions for Hematology and all Medical Technology
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Quick Review Quations. ).
26/02/2026

Quick Review Quations.
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CBC Result. ).
26/02/2026

CBC Result.

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🌺 Different between RBC and Yeast cell 🌺🌺RBC (RedS Blood Cell)🔸Internal content: Clear, no nucleus or granules; appears ...
26/02/2026

🌺 Different between RBC and Yeast cell 🌺

🌺RBC (RedS Blood Cell)
🔸Internal content: Clear, no nucleus or granules; appears empty inside
🔸Cell wall: Thin, smooth, non-refractile
🔸Special feature: No budding
🔸Shape: Smooth edge, central pallor (biconcave shape)
🔸Optical property: Non-refractile, disappears when fine focus is adjusted

🌺 Yeast cell
🔸Internal content: Contains fine granules or cloudy material (granular cytoplasm)
🔸Cell wall: Thick, strongly refractile
🔸Special feature: May show budding or short chains (pseudohyphae)
🔸Arrangement: May appear in clusters of several cells
🔸Optical property: Does not disappear when fine focus is adjusted

🌺Summary🌺
🔸 RBC: Clear, smooth, empty inside
🔸 Yeast: Has internal granules, thick refractile wall, often budding

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CBC Overview. ).
26/02/2026

CBC Overview.

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🍁 Tips for differentiating Dead Bacteria and Amorphous Material in urine 🍁🍁1️⃣.Odor → Dead Bacteria may have a foul smel...
26/02/2026

🍁 Tips for differentiating Dead Bacteria and Amorphous Material in urine 🍁

🍁1️⃣.Odor → Dead Bacteria may have a foul smell from old infections or cellular debris, whereas Amorphous material is usually odorless.

🍁2️⃣.Shape → Dead Bacteria have distinct shapes, such as small cocci or bacilli, while Amorphous material appears as shapeless clumps or particles.

🍁3️⃣.Color after staining → Dead Bacteria stain lightly but their shape is still visible; Amorphous material stains lightly or remains transparent.


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25/02/2026

Stool Examination under 2 years
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Anatomical of Human Body. ).
25/02/2026

Anatomical of Human Body.

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🌹False Uric acid crystals 🌹🌹When urine is left standing overnight, such as mobile check up : decreased temperature or wa...
25/02/2026

🌹False Uric acid crystals 🌹

🌹When urine is left standing overnight, such as mobile check up : decreased temperature or water evaporation can lead to crystals that resemble Uric acid crystals, but these are often Amorphous urates or artifact crystals formed due to changes in the sample conditions, precipitating when temperature drops or pH changes, and are not indicative of a pathological condition🌹

🌹True Uric acid crystals have well-defined shapes, such as rhomboid or rosette forms, with yellow–orange or light brown coloration. They are typically found in acidic urine (pH < 6) and exhibit yellow–blue birefringence under polarized light, remaining insoluble when gently warmed.🌹

🍂 Crystals from aged urine appear as fine, opaque, sand-like granules with pale color, do not show birefringence under polarized light, and dissolve when warmed to 37°C.🍂

🌹Therefore, distinguishing between true uric acid crystals and artifact crystals relies on shape, color, response to polarized light, and solubility upon warming.

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🌸 Urine Examination Test Interpretation 🌸🌸Urine test interpretation involves a combination of chemical strip results and...
25/02/2026

🌸 Urine Examination Test Interpretation 🌸

🌸Urine test interpretation involves a combination of chemical strip results and urine sediment examination.

👉 The results of a Urine Strip Test should be interpreted together with microscopic examination of urine sediment to provide accurate and clinically meaningful information.

🌸 If the chemical strip results are Positive, consider the following:

1⃣ Protein: When Protein is detected in urine, examine for casts or renal epithelial cells in the sediment to assess the severity and possible cause of proteinuria.

2⃣ Blood: Confirm the presence of red blood cells (RBCs) in the sediment, and examine their morphology. Dysmorphic RBCs can help differentiate whether the source is the kidneys or the lower urinary tract.

3⃣ Leukocyte Esterase: Check the number and type of white blood cells (WBCs) in the sediment, and consider the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria or yeast.

4⃣ pH and Crystals: Urine pH affects the formation of certain types of crystals. Microscopic examination is necessary to identify the type of crystals and assess the risk of urolithiasis or metabolic disorders.

5⃣ Cells and Other Elements: Microscopy is essential for detecting Epithelial cells, S***m, Yeast, or Protozoa (e.g., Trichomonas vaginalis), which cannot be identified by chemical strips alone.


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Short Introduction of Bacteriology ).
25/02/2026

Short Introduction of Bacteriology

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