Op Dr Burcu Usta Uslu

30/12/2025

29/12/2025

🧠 Dry eye doesn’t get simpler with age - it gets more nuanced.

For many seasoned patients, DED care isn’t about spotting the disease. It’s about managing the bigger picture: systemic conditions, changing meds, lid/hormone shifts, and real-world barriers like dexterity, cost, and coverage.

Cecelia Koetting shares a practical, holistic approach - and a reminder that sometimes the most impactful “treatment” starts with listening.

🔗 Read the full article: https://www.theophthalmologist.com/issues/2025/articles/december/navigating-ded-with-seasoned-patients/

29/12/2025

Physiological cupping of the optic nerve refers to a normal anatomical variation of the optic disc cup that is not associated with glaucoma or optic nerve disease.
Key features of physiological cupping
Cup–disc ratio (CDR): Can be relatively large (e.g. 0.5–0.7) but stable over time
Symmetry: Usually bilateral and symmetrical
Neuro-retinal rim:
Healthy, pink, and follows the ISNT rule
(Inferior > Superior > Nasal > Temporal)
Disc size: Often seen in large optic discs (large disc → large cup)
Lamina cribrosa: Normal appearance
No focal notching or rim thinning
No disc hemorrhages
Functional findings
Intraocular pressure (IOP): Normal
Visual field: Normal
OCT RNFL / GCC: Normal thickness

25/12/2025

Case report: Oral tofacitinib achieved rapid and sustained remission in cases of refractory thyroid eye disease, targeting proinflammatory cytokine pathways implicated in orbital fibroblast activation. https://ja.ma/44CFE7i

23/12/2025

"Frayed Nerves" — Let’s dive into the concept of chronic ocular surface pain.

Ocular pain is among the most frequent complaints in eye care. In the United States, over five million annual visits for ocular pain are made to eyecare providers, most occurring in outpatient settings. While eye pain is often attributed to dry eye disease (DED), chronic ocular surface pain (COSP) is starting to become recognized as a distinct clinical entity, one with complex underlying mechanisms.

Learn more in the latest Ocular Surface Review by Paul Karpecki, OD: https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/frayed-nerves

21/12/2025

-1RA use was associated with reduced risk of developing nonexudative AMD but was not associated with progression to exudative AMD among individuals with nonexudative AMD.

https://ja.ma/4pNGiY9

12/12/2025

Doctors report that GLP-1 medications, originally approved for obesity and diabetes, are increasingly being used to help women with Polycystic O***y Syndrome (PCOS) — a hormonal disorder often tied to weight gain, insulin resistance, and fertility issues. Early experience suggests these drugs may ease PCOS symptoms by helping with weight reduction and metabolic control, potentially offering an option when traditional treatments fall short. http://ms.spr.ly/6183tiOtv

03/12/2025

02/12/2025

Apixaban, paclitaxel, ibrutinib, and sildenafil use is associated with elevated rates of maculopathy, with incidence estimates up to 15.7% and dose-dependent risk for some agents.

https://ja.ma/4patfjc

25/11/2025

Perimetey Strategy Name Description Use / Comments

Full Threshold :Measures the exact light sensitivity (threshold) at each point by repeatedly testing brighter/dimmer lights. Most accurate but very slow. Often used for baseline or research.
Fast Threshold :Tests fewer levels to estimate threshold more quickly. Reasonable accuracy, shorter test time.
SITA Standard (Humphrey) “Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm” :— adapts to patient’s responses for faster testing without losing accuracy. Standard for glaucoma testing; good balance.
SITA Fast :Faster version of SITA Standard; slightly less precise. Useful for follow-up tests.
SITA Faster / Supra-threshold / Screening Quick screening; checks only if sensitivity is within normal range, not exact threshold. Screening only, not for diagnosis or follow-up.

2. Threshold

Definition

The threshold is the lowest light intensity (in decibels, dB) that the patient can detect at each specific location in the visual field.

Higher number (e.g. 30 dB) → normal sensitivity (can see dimmer lights).

Lower number (e.g. 10 dB or 0 dB) → poor sensitivity or defect (only sees very bright lights or none).

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Normal vs. Abnormal

Threshold value (dB) Interpretation

30–35 dB Normal sensitivity (young, healthy eye)
25–29 dB Mild reduction
15–24 dB Moderate reduction